Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): SUCCESSIONAL BLACK WALNUT FOREST SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: Black Walnut / Wingstem Forest USNVC Scientific Name: Juglans nigra / Verbesina alternifolia Forest USNVC Identifier: CEGL007879 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Successional Black Walnut Forest is an open forest that often occurs around former homesites or on otherwise disturbed flats over calcareous or high base status soils. Vegetation Description: In Colonial National Historical Park, these forests have canopies with Juglans nigra (black walnut) sometimes mixed with Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust), Celtis laevigata (sugarberry), or Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree). Other trees and shrubs with minor cover can include Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (eastern redcedar), Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore), or Quercus muehlenbergii (chinkapin oak). There is little to no shrub cover, but a continuous, lawn-like herbaceous stratum composed mainly of grasses. Both exotic and native grasses are characteristic, with Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) and Lolium pratense (meadow ryegrass) typically dominant, and Danthonia spicata (poverty oatgrass) or Elymus villosus (hairy wildrye) forming more local patches. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Juglans nigra (black walnut) Herb (field) Graminoid Lolium pratense (meadow ryegrass), Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) Characteristic Species: Juglans nigra (black walnut) Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. Subnational Distribution with Crosswalk Data: State SRank Rel Conf SName Reference VA SNA . . [not crosswalked] . Local Range: Successional Black Walnut Forest is mapped as five small polygons in the Ringfield / King Creek and Yorktown Battlefield areas of Colonial National Historical Park. Classification Comments: This type is distinguished by its dominance by Juglans nigra (black walnut) and its occurrence on disturbed sites, often former homesites or recreation areas. Other Comments: Information not available. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: None. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Forest (I) Physiognomic Subclass Deciduous forest (I.B.) Physiognomic Group Cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.) Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.) Formation Lowland or submontane cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.a.) Alliance Juglans nigra Forest Alliance (A.1932) Alliance (English name) Black Walnut Forest Alliance 202
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Association Juglans nigra / Verbesina alternifolia Forest Association (English name) Black Walnut / Wingstem Forest Ecological System(s): South-Central Interior Large Floodplain (CES202.705). Southern Interior Low Plateau Dry-Mesic Oak Forest (CES202.898). GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This successional black walnut forest of the Southeast, ranging from Virginia to Georgia, occurs largely on former homesites, usually on disturbed soils having a neutral to basic pH. The community was originally defined from former homesites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where this association is an open, successional forest. It has since been found on some old pasture sites, associated with former settlement, and is potentially a wide-ranging type. The canopy can be closed to somewhat open. Juglans nigra (black walnut) is often the sole canopy tree, though Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree), Juglans cinerea (butternut), Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust), Morus rubra (red mulberry), and Aesculus flava (yellow buckeye) are codominants in some examples. Associates can also include Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore), Fraxinus americana (white ash), and Ulmus rubra (slippery elm); Sassafras albidum (sassafras) may be present as a small tree. The herb stratum is dominated by Verbesina alternifolia (wingstem) and/or Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot). Other herbs include Amphicarpaea bracteata (American hogpeanut), Agrimonia pubescens (soft agrimony), Galium triflorum (fragrant bedstraw), Osmorhiza longistylis (longstyle sweetroot), Viola striata (striped cream violet), and Ambrosia trifida (great ragweed). The exotics Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) and Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) can be common in this community. Environmental Description: This community often occurs on former homesites along streams or on slopes, possibly in association with circumneutral soils. It was originally defined from former homesites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where this association is an open, successional forest. This community was sampled on former homesites along streams, possibly in association with circumneutral soils, at 460-610 m (1500-2000 feet) elevation in the Smokies, as well as on ridgetops, slopes, and stream areas in the Cumberlands and Alleghenies at 460 1070 m (1500-3500 feet). In addition, the association was sampled from the Piedmont of South Carolina in low-lying, poor-drainage areas from approximately 170-200 m (550-650 feet) in elevation. Vegetation Description: Juglans nigra (black walnut) is often the sole canopy tree, though Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree), Juglans cinerea (butternut), Celtis laevigata (sugarberry), and Aesculus flava (yellow buckeye) are dominant or codominant in some examples. Associates can also include Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore), Fraxinus americana (white ash), and Ulmus rubra (slippery elm); Sassafras albidum (sassafras) or Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud) may be present as small trees. The herb stratum is highly variable, often dominated by Verbesina alternifolia (wingstem) and/or Verbesina alternifolia (wingstem). Other herbs include Amphicarpaea bracteata (American hogpeanut), Agrimonia pubescens (soft agrimony), Galium triflorum (fragrant bedstraw), Osmorhiza longistylis (longstyle sweetroot), Viola striata (striped cream violet), and Ambrosia trifida (great ragweed). The exotic Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) can be common in this community. 203
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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