Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: GNR (2-Jun-2007). Reasons: Information not available. CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Provisional. Confidence: 3 - Weak. Comments: Stands of this vegetation generally occupy lower landscape positions than the typically adjacent high marsh represented by Spartina patens - Distichlis spicata - (Juncus roemerianus) Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004197) and are usually flooded daily. Salt pannes dominated by Salicornia (virginica, bigelovii, maritima) - Spartina alterniflora Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004308) may form at intermediate landscape positions, where salt concentrations are higher due to evaporation between less regular episodes of inundation, and hence halophytic forbs attain greater importance. This type is documented by 11 vegetation plots from Virginia and Maryland. Similar Associations: • Salicornia (virginica, bigelovii, maritima) - Spartina alterniflora Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004308). • Spartina patens - Distichlis spicata - (Juncus roemerianus) Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004197). Related Concepts: Information not available. SOURCES Description Authors: P. P. Coulling. References: Coulling 2002, Eastern Ecology Working Group n.d. Figure I30. Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Marsh (Low Salt Marsh) at Colonial National Historical Park. July 2004. NAD 1983 / UTM easting 358470, northing 4126476. 296
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): TIDAL MESOHALINE AND POLYHALINE MARSH (TRANSITIONAL MARSH) SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: Saltmarsh Cordgrass - Dotted Smartweed - Water-hemp Herbaceous Vegetation USNVC Scientific Name: Spartina alterniflora - Polygonum punctatum - Amaranthus cannabinus Herbaceous Vegetation USNVC Identifier: CEGL006418 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Marsh (Transitional Marsh) occurs in mesohaline to oligohaline waters on the mid-tidal position of large tidal rivers and tidal guts. It receives freshwater input from alluvial sources inland and may also receive seepage from adjacent uplands. These marshes grow on silty mud and are subject to regular tidal flooding. Vegetation Description: Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Marsh (Transitional Marsh) is dominated by dense, saltmarsh grasses with local areas dominated by aquatic forbs. Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) is the dominant grass, occurring with Spartina cynosuroides (big cordgrass) and Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), which may dominate in patches. This marsh vegetation may occur as linear bands along tidal channels or as large patches. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Herb (field) Graminoid Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) Characteristic Species: Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), Spartina cynosuroides (big cordgrass). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. Subnational Distribution with Crosswalk Data: Information not available. Local Range: Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Marsh (Transitional Marsh) is found in the vicinity of College Creek / Kingsmill. It is one of two associations included in the map class Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Marsh. The two associations cannot be mapped separately based on photo signatures, and a combined map class was used for the vegetation map. Classification Comments: Tidal Mesohaline and Polyhaline Marsh (Transitional Marsh) is distinguished by the dominance of Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) occurring with species indicative of more oligohaline or freshwater conditions such as Spartina cynosuroides (big cordgrass), Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), and Zizania aquatica var. aquatica (annual wildrice). Other Comments: Information not available. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: None. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Herbaceous Vegetation (V) Physiognomic Subclass Perennial graminoid vegetation (V.A.) Physiognomic Group Temperate or subpolar grassland (V.A.5.) 297
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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