Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Local Range: Tidal Freshwater Marsh is mapped at Jamestown Island in the vicinity of Sandy Bay and the upper portions of the Back River, at Papermill Creek, and at College Creek / Kingsmill along Halfway Creek. In total it covers 125 hectares (308 acres) in Colonial National Historical Park. Classification Comments: Tidal Freshwater Marsh is distinguished from other tidal marsh vegetation in Colonial National Historical Park by occurring in areas where there is enough freshwater input to influence the vegetation composition so that the dominant species include Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum) and Zizania aquatica var. aquatica (annual wildrice) and without dominance by Spartina cynosuroides (big cordgrass). Some areas mapped as Freshwater Tidal Marsh may be transitional to Oligohaline Marsh and have species composition intermediate between the two concepts. Other Comments: Information not available. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: COLO.111, COLO.119. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Herbaceous Vegetation (V) Physiognomic Subclass Perennial forb vegetation (V.B.) Physiognomic Group Temperate or subpolar perennial forb vegetation (V.B.2.) Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural temperate or subpolar perennial forb vegetation (V.B.2.N.) Formation Tidal temperate perennial forb vegetation (V.B.2.N.g.) Alliance Peltandra virginica - Pontederia cordata Tidal Herbaceous Alliance (A.1703) Alliance (English name) Green Arrow-arum - Pickerelweed Tidal Herbaceous Alliance Association Peltandra virginica - Pontederia cordata Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation Association (English name) Green Arrow-arum - Pickerelweed Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation Ecological System(s): Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Fresh and Oligohaline Tidal Marsh (CES203.516). Acadian Estuary Marsh (CES201.579). GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This freshwater low tidal marsh is dominated by variable mixtures of Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum) and Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) that are best expressed along the North Atlantic Coast southward to Virginia. It occurs on mucky substrates of variable depth at low elevations within the freshwater tidal zone, often bordering open water. Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum) and Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) are codominant. Associated species can include Bidens spp. (beggarticks), Zizania aquatica (annual wildrice), Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead), Acorus americanus (sweetflag), Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (yellow pond-lily), Polygonum arifolium (halberdleaf tearthumb), Polygonum hydropiperoides (swamp smartweed), and Polygonum sagittatum (arrowleaf tearthumb). Environmental Description: This community occurs low within freshwater tidal marshes on muck substrates of variable depth. There is a long duration of tidal flooding, and the community is exposed only for a short period of time each day when the tide is out. Vegetation Description: This community is codominated by leafy forbs Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum) and Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed). Associated species can include Zizania aquatica (annual wildrice), Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead), Acorus americanus (sweetflag), Polygonum arifolium (halberdleaf tearthumb), Polygonum 310
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park hydropiperoides (swamp smartweed), Polygonum sagittatum (arrowleaf tearthumb), and Bidens spp. (beggarticks). Species occurring less frequently can include Typha spp. (cattails) and Impatiens capensis (jewelweed). At the southern end of the range in Virginia, there is a wellmarked variant in which Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (yellow pond-lily) is codominant with Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum) and Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) in variable mixtures. This variant differs from the almost monospecific Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (yellow pond-lily) Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004472) in that it occurs on slightly higher landscape positions where the duration of inundation is shorter, supports higher mean species richness, and contains a number of taxa absent from the low intertidal portions of mudflats. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Herb (field) Forb Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) Characteristic Species: Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. USFWS Wetland System: Estuarine. DISTRIBUTION Range: This freshwater tidal marsh occurs from Maine to Virginia, excluding Rhode Island and New Hampshire. States/Provinces: CT, DE, MA, MD:S4?, NJ, NY, VA. Federal Lands: DOD (Fort Belvoir); NPS (Colonial, George Washington Parkway, National Capital-East); USFWS (Chesapeake Marshlands, Prime Hook). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: G3G4 (4-Nov-1998). Reasons: This community is restricted in range (Atlantic Coast from Maine to Virginia, not including New Hampshire and Rhode Island) and available habitat (freshwater tidal rivers with broad shoreline expanses subjected to moderate to high tidal fluctuation), with a liberal estimate of
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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