Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Alliance (English name) Chinquapin Oak - (Sugar Maple) Forest Alliance Association Quercus muehlenbergii / Cercis canadensis / Dichanthelium boscii - Bromus pubescens - Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus - Aquilegia canadensis Forest Association (English name) Chinquapin Oak / Eastern Redbud / Bosc's Witchgrass - Common Eastern Brome - Robin's-plantain - Eastern Columbine Forest Ecological System(s): Atlantic Coastal Plain Mesic Hardwood Forest (CES203.242). Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Calcareous Ravine (CES203.069). GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This dry, open, calcareous forest of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and Maryland is restricted to subxeric to xeric, fertile habitats over unconsolidated, calcareous deposits. These localized habitats are found on southeast- to southwest-facing, usually convex slopes of deep ravines or stream-fronting bluffs that have downcut into Tertiary shell deposits or limesands. Occurrences are small (typically
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Ulmus rubra (slippery elm). Small tree and shrub associates include Cercis canadensis var. canadensis (eastern redbud), Cornus florida (flowering dogwood), Dirca palustris (eastern leatherwood), Ilex opaca var. opaca (American holly), Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (eastern redcedar), Ostrya virginiana (hophornbeam), Sideroxylon lycioides (buckthorn bully), and Viburnum rufidulum (rusty blackhaw). The most characteristic or locally abundant herbs include Agrimonia rostellata (beaked agrimony), Aquilegia canadensis (red columbine), Arabis laevigata var. laevigata (smooth rockcress), Aristolochia serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot), Bromus pubescens (hairy woodland brome), Carex albicans var. australis (stellate sedge), Carex laxiflora var. laxiflora (broad looseflower sedge), Dichanthelium boscii (Bosc's panicgrass), Elymus hystrix var. hystrix (eastern bottlebrush grass), Elymus villosus (hairy wildrye), Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus (robin's plantain), Phryma leptostachya (American lopseed), Solidago caesia (wreath goldenrod), and Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia (elmleaf goldenrod). Herbs that are important in specific geographic parts of the range include Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (pale Indian plaintain), Asclepias verticillata (whorled milkweed), Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (longleaf woodoats), Desmodium pauciflorum (fewflower ticktrefoil), Fleischmannia incarnata (pink thoroughwort), Eupatorium sessilifolium (upland boneset), Heuchera americana (American alumroot), Matelea carolinensis (maroon Carolina milkvine), Piptochaetium avenaceum (blackseed speargrass), Scleria oligantha (littlehead nutrush), Silphium trifoliatum (whorled rosinweed), Smallanthus uvedalius (hairy leafcup), Sorghastrum elliottii (slender Indiangrass), and Symphyotrichum patens var. patens (late purple aster). Stands of this community type also contain a number of species that are more-or-less strongly disjunct from primary ranges in the mountains and Piedmont, including Hexalectris spicata (spiked crested coralroot), Corallorhiza wisteriana (spring coralroot), Campanulastrum americanum (American bellflower), Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet), Muhlenbergia sobolifera (rock muhly), Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (slender muhly), Sanicula marilandica (Maryland sanicle), Arabis lyrata (lyrate rockcress), Packera obovata (roundleaf ragwort), Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve, and Thalictrum revolutum (waxyleaf meadow-rue). Mean species richness of 24 plot samples analyzed by VDNH was 67 taxa per 400 square meters. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Quercus muehlenbergii (chinkapin oak) Characteristic Species: Agrimonia rostellata (beaked agrimony), Aquilegia canadensis (red columbine), Arabis laevigata (smooth rockcress), Aristolochia serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot), Bromus pubescens (hairy woodland brome), Carex albicans var. australis (stellate sedge), Carex laxiflora (broad looseflower sedge), Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud), Dichanthelium boscii (Bosc's panicgrass), Elymus hystrix (eastern bottlebrush grass), Elymus villosus (hairy wildrye), Erigeron pulchellus (robin's plantain), Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (eastern redcedar), Phryma leptostachya (American lopseed), Quercus muehlenbergii (chinkapin oak), Solidago caesia (wreath goldenrod), Solidago ulmifolia (elmleaf goldenrod). Other Noteworthy Species: Species GRank Type Note Hedera helix (English ivy) - plant invasive nonnative Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) - plant invasive nonnative USFWS Wetland System: Not applicable. 223
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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