Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): NON-RIVERINE SATURATED FOREST SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: (Willow Oak, Cherrybark Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak) / American Holly / Coastal Sweet-pepperbush / Netted Chainfern Forest USNVC Scientific Name: Quercus (phellos, pagoda, michauxii) / Ilex opaca var. opaca / Clethra alnifolia / Woodwardia areolata Forest USNVC Identifier: CEGL004644 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Non-Riverine Saturated Forest is a deciduous, seasonally saturated to shortly seasonally flooded forest occupying nearly flat, broad terraces, as well as old, very broad stream terraces that are no longer subject to overland flooding. Habitats are nearly flat, with seasonally perched water tables. Some sites experience periodic sheetflows of anastomosing seepage from adjacent slope-base springs. Shallow, braided channels and depressions which pond water intermittently are frequent habitat features. Soils are silt, sand, and clay loams, sometimes with a thin (
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Characteristic Species: Carex debilis (white edge sedge), Ilex decidua (possumhaw), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Quercus michauxii (swamp chestnut oak), Quercus pagoda (cherrybark oak), Quercus phellos (willow oak). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. Subnational Distribution with Crosswalk Data: State SRank Rel Conf SName Reference VA SNR* B 1 Non-Riverine Saturated Forest Fleming et al. 2006 Local Range: Non-Riverine Saturated Forest occurs on a broad terrace near Powhatan Creek and Green Spring. It is mapped as five polygons and covers a total of 53.4 hectares (132.0 acres). Classification Comments: This forest is distinguished by its non-riverine landscape position and the high frequency of hydric oaks and other characteristic herbaceous species. Other Comments: Small areas of higher, drier forest may occur within areas mapped as Non- Riverine Saturated Forest. Mature, undisturbed examples of this globally rare association are uncommon. Only one polygon of this association in Colonial National Historical Park meets the criteria to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence. Polygons representing particularly disturbed examples are noted in the comment field of the map attribute table. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: COLO.18, COLO.28. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Forest (I) Physiognomic Subclass Deciduous forest (I.B.) Physiognomic Group Cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.) Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.) Formation Seasonally flooded cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.e.) Alliance Quercus phellos Seasonally Flooded Forest Alliance (A.330) Alliance (English name) Willow Oak Seasonally Flooded Forest Alliance Association Quercus (phellos, pagoda, michauxii) / Ilex opaca var. opaca / Clethra alnifolia / Woodwardia areolata Forest Association (English name) (Willow Oak, Cherrybark Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak) / American Holly / Coastal Sweet-pepperbush / Netted Chainfern Forest Ecological System(s): Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Basin Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest (CES203.520). GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This association occurs in the central and northern Virginia Coastal Plain on extensive, flat terraces and very wide, ancient floodplains that are no longer subject to alluvial processes. Its hydrology is seasonally to nearly permanently saturated, with occasional ponding or groundwater sheetflows, and is maintained by a high water table rather than riverine or estuarine flooding. The overstory of relatively undisturbed examples contain variable mixtures of hydrophytic oaks, most commonly Quercus phellos (willow oak), Quercus pagoda (cherrybark oak), and Quercus michauxii (swamp chestnut oak). Associated canopy species varying from site to site can include Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus palustris (pin oak), Quercus lyrata (overcup oak), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Acer rubrum (red maple), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Nyssa sylvatica (blackgum), and Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash). The subcanopy layers are usually dominated by Ilex opaca var. opaca (American holly) and also 253
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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