Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Other Comments: This association occurs as small patches within other Tidal Oligohaline Marsh types. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: COLO.108, COLO113, COLO.114, COLO.118. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Herbaceous Vegetation (V) Physiognomic Subclass Perennial forb vegetation (V.B.) Physiognomic Group Temperate or subpolar perennial forb vegetation (V.B.2.) Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural temperate or subpolar perennial forb vegetation (V.B.2.N.) Formation Tidal temperate perennial forb vegetation (V.B.2.N.g.) Alliance Peltandra virginica - Pontederia cordata Tidal Herbaceous Alliance (A.1703) Alliance (English name) Green Arrow-arum - Pickerelweed Tidal Herbaceous Alliance Association Peltandra virginica - Schoenoplectus (pungens, tabernaemontani) Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation Association (English name) Arrow-arum - (Common Three Square, Softstem Bulrush) Vegetation Ecological System(s): Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Tidal Salt Marsh (CES203.519). GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This sparsely to densely vegetated herbaceous community occurs in low intertidal portions of marshes along tidal rivers and large tributaries in Virginia. It occupies both narrow zones along channel edges in chiefly freshwater regimes and in local subsidence areas in the interior of small to large marshes under freshwater to oligohaline conditions. Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum) is a constant and typically dominant or codominant constituent. Most stands also contain Schoenoplectus pungens (common threesquare) or Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush). Other common associates include Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed), Zizania aquatica (annual wildrice), Leersia oryzoides (rice cutgrass), Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed), and in freshwater habitats Eleocharis quadrangulata (squarestem spikerush). Stature of prevailing vegetation is generally
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park forms narrow bands under freshwater conditions, Schoenoplectus pungens (common threesquare) or Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush) typically attains high cover and density. Eleocharis quadrangulata (squarestem spikerush) and Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) are codominant; common associates include Leersia oryzoides (rice cutgrass), Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed), Polygonum arifolium (halberdleaf tearthumb), Zizania aquatica (annual wildrice), Bidens laevis (smooth beggartick), Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed), Amaranthus cannabinus (tidalmarsh amaranth), Impatiens capensis (jewelweed), Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (yellow pond-lily), Dulichium arundinaceum (threeway sedge), Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead), Galium obtusum (bluntleaf bedstraw), and the exotic Murdannia keisak (wartremoving herb). In rare instances Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (river bulrush) or Schoenoplectus americanus (chairmaker's bulrush) may share dominance. Oligohaline variants are typically less diverse and more sparsely vegetated, although Schoenoplectus pungens (common threesquare) or Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush) may attain high cover. Characteristic associates include Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed), Zizania aquatica (annual wildrice), Echinochloa walteri (coast cockspur grass), Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. moscheutos (crimsoneyed rosemallow), Leersia oryzoides (rice cutgrass), Pluchea odorata (sweetscent), Amaranthus cannabinus (tidalmarsh amaranth), Rumex verticillatus (swamp dock), and Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed). Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Herb (field) Forb Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum) Characteristic Species: Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Schoenoplectus pungens (common threesquare), Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. USFWS Wetland System: Estuarine. DISTRIBUTION Range: This association has been documented from several tidal river systems in Virginia. Its potential occurrence outside Virginia has not been evaluated. States/Provinces: VA. Federal Lands: NPS (Colonial). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: GNR (2-Jun-2007). Reasons: Information not available. CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Provisional. Confidence: 3 - Weak. Comments: This community exhibits considerable variation in composition and structure, largely as functions of prevailing salinity and hydroperiod. Schoenoplectus pungens (common threesquare) Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004188) forms similarly narrow patches and occupies similar habitats along channel margins, as do freshwater variants of this association, but is typically much less diverse and is restricted to gravelly or otherwise coarse-textured substrates on shorelines frequently subject to ice-scour. Peltandra virginica - Pontederia cordata Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004706) occurs in similarly low landscape positions, often adjacent to open water, but generally lacks emergent graminoids (Schoenoplectus spp. (bulrushs), Eleocharis quadrangulata (squarestem spikerush)) as important associates, and 315
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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