Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Figure I20. Coastal Plain Loblolly Pine – Oak Forest at Colonial National Historical Park. July 2004. NAD 1983 / UTM easting 344051, northing 4119080. Figure I21. Coastal Plain Loblolly Pine - Oak Forest (plot COLO.25) at Colonial National Historical Park. September 2004. NAD 1983 / UTM easting 343865, northing 4118691. 266
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): TIDAL BALD CYPRESS FOREST / WOODLAND SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: Bald-cypress / Shoreline Sedge Woodland USNVC Scientific Name: Taxodium distichum / Carex hyalinolepis Woodland USNVC Identifier: CEGL004654 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Tidal Bald Cypress Forest / Woodland occupies low tidal river shores, the upper reaches of tidal guts, and ecotones between tidal shore berms and tidal marshes. Soils are very poorly drained and always submerged by shallow water. These areas are regularly flooded by tidal water and are oligohaline to fresh in halinity. Vegetation Description: This tidally influenced, needle-leaved deciduous woodland is dominated by Taxodium distichum (bald cypress) which dominates the open to very open overstory, with or without hardwood associates such as Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Acer rubrum (red maple), or Nyssa biflora (swamp tupelo). Shrub and herb layers are variable but generally contain a mixture of species characteristic of both marshes and swamps. Morella cerifera (wax myrtle) can form a dense to open shrub layer, and the herb layer is usually dominated by Carex hyalinolepis (shoreline sedge), often forming a continuous, nearly, monospecific stratum. Other typical herb associates include Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed), Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Panicum virgatum var. virgatum (switchgrass), Triadenum walteri (greater marsh St. Johnswort), Rumex verticillatus (swamp dock), Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. moscheutos (crimsoneyed rosemallow), Cinna arundinacea (sweet woodreed), and Saururus cernuus (lizard's tail). Submerged aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum (coon's tail) and floating aquatic species like Lemna minor (common duckweed), and Azolla caroliniana (Carolina mosquitofern)) can have high cover. Stand structure and canopy cover range from closed forest to very open woodland. Stands of this type that have been artificially cut off from regular tides may have species suggestive of a longer, non-tidal hydroperiod: species such as Cephalanthus occidentalis (common buttonbush), Fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash), Populus heterophylla (swamp cottonwood), and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo). Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Needle-leaved tree Taxodium distichum (bald cypress) Herb (field) Graminoid Carex hyalinolepis (shoreline sedge) Characteristic Species: Carex hyalinolepis (shoreline sedge), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Morella cerifera (wax myrtle), Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Taxodium distichum (bald cypress). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. Subnational Distribution with Crosswalk Data: State SRank Rel Conf SName Reference VA SNR* B 1 Tidal Bald Cypress Forest / Woodland Fleming et al. 2006 Local Range: Tidal Bald Cypress Forest / Woodland is found along the James River at Swanns Point with small, disturbed examples mapped at Jamestown Island. In total, it covers 12.0 hectare (29.6 acres). 267
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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