Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Other Comments: Polygons mapped as this forest may contain inclusions of Disturbed Tidal Hardwood Swamp. Where there has been extensive wind damage, Successional Mixed Scrub can occur as inclusions in this forest. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: COLO.25, COLO.101, COLO.102, COLO.104, COLO.105, COLO.106, COLO.107, COLO.109. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Forest (I) Physiognomic Subclass Mixed evergreen-deciduous forest (I.C.) Physiognomic Group Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest (I.C.3.) Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest (I.C.3.N.) Formation Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest (I.C.3.N.a.) Alliance Pinus taeda - Quercus (alba, falcata, stellata) Forest Alliance (A.404) Alliance (English name) Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Forest Alliance Association Pinus taeda - Quercus (alba, falcata, stellata) Successional Coastal Plain Forest Association (English name) Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Successional Coastal Plain Forest Ecological System(s): Information not available. GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This successional loblolly pine - oak forest of the Maryland and Virginia Coastal Plain occurs on coarse-textured, shallow dry soils. Abandoned loblolly pine plantations or early-successional loblolly pine forests established following cessation of agriculture often succeed to this vegetation as oaks are recruited and form variable proportions of the canopy. The canopy is dominated by Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) with varying amounts of Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus falcata (southern red oak), Quercus velutina (black oak), and Quercus stellata (post oak). Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) may be present but not generally in quantity. The shrub layer is of variable closure and is often characterized by Ilex opaca var. opaca (American holly), Morella cerifera (wax myrtle), or Persea palustris (swamp bay). Vines such as Smilax rotundifolia (roundleaf greenbrier), Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine), and Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy) can contribute considerable cover in the tree canopy. The herbaceous layer is sparse to non-existent, or is made up of exotic species such as Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop). This association is considered provisional because it has not been well-documented and plot data are limited. This association is somewhat similar to Pinus taeda / Liquidambar styraciflua - Acer rubrum / Vaccinium stamineum Forest (CEGL006011), and in fact may be preceded by it in successional sequence, but it has a higher component of hardwoods, especially oaks, in the canopy. Environmental Description: This association occurs on sandy soils on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. It is a mid- to late-successional mixed forest that generally follows plantation abandonment or cessation of agriculture. Vegetation Description: Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) is a constant canopy species. Oaks are generally codominant and can include Quercus falcata (southern red oak), Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus stellata (post oak), or Quercus velutina (black oak). Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) is a less prevalent associate. The shrub layer is of variable closure and is often 264
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park characterized by Ilex opaca var. opaca (American holly), Morella cerifera (wax myrtle), or Persea palustris (swamp bay). Vines such as Smilax rotundifolia (roundleaf greenbrier), Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine), and Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy) can contribute considerable cover in the tree canopy. The herbaceous layer is sparse to non-existent, or is made up of exotic species such as Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop). Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Needle-leaved tree Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) Shrub/sapling (tall & short) Vine/Liana Smilax rotundifolia (roundleaf greenbrier), Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy), Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine) Characteristic Species: Ilex opaca var. opaca (American holly), Morella cerifera (wax myrtle), Persea palustris (swamp bay), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus falcata (southern red oak), Quercus velutina (black oak), Smilax rotundifolia (roundleaf greenbrier), Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy), Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. USFWS Wetland System: Not applicable. DISTRIBUTION Range: This type could occur in the Piedmont or adjacent/related ecoregions (Atlantic Coastal Plain, Cumberlands / Southern Ridge and Valley). States/Provinces: MD, VA. Federal Lands: NPS (Colonial, Rock Creek). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: GNR (11-Sep-1997). Reasons: Information not available. CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Provisional. Confidence: 3 - Weak. Comments: Classification of this type is derived largely from Colonial National Historical Park. More data are needed to describe this type with greater confidence. Similar Associations: • Pinus taeda / Liquidambar styraciflua - Acer rubrum var. rubrum / Vaccinium stamineum Forest (CEGL006011)--has greater dominance by Pinus taeda in the canopy and has few to no oak species. Related Concepts: Information not available. SOURCES Description Authors: L. A. Sneddon. References: Eastern Ecology Working Group, n.d. 265
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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