Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural temperate or subpolar grassland (V.A.5.N.) Formation Tidal temperate or subpolar grassland (V.A.5.N.n.) Alliance Spartina alterniflora Tidal Herbaceous Alliance (A.1471) Alliance (English name) Saltmarsh Cordgrass Tidal Herbaceous Alliance Association Spartina alterniflora - Polygonum punctatum - Amaranthus cannabinus Herbaceous Vegetation Association (English name) Saltmarsh Cordgrass - Dotted Smartweed - Water-hemp Herbaceous Vegetation Ecological System(s): Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Brackish Tidal Marsh (CES203.894). GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This oligohaline to mesohaline marsh of the mid-Atlantic occurs in silty mud along meanders in tidal rivers and guts in the interiors of extensive marshes where there is significant freshwater input. The vegetation is diverse and variable but is characterized by the consistent presence of Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), Schoenoplectus robustus (sturdy bulrush), and Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed). Other associates include Amaranthus cannabinus (tidalmarsh amaranth), Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush), Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Pluchea odorata (sweetscent), Bidens coronata (crowned beggarticks), Kosteletzkya virginica (Virginia saltmarsh mallow), Eleocharis palustris (common spikerush), Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed), Schoenoplectus americanus (chairmaker's bulrush), Ptilimnium capillaceum (herbwilliam), and Echinochloa walteri (coast cockspur grass). Spartina cynosuroides (big cordgrass) is a common associate in Virginia examples and in some areas of Maryland. Environmental Description: This oligohaline to mesohaline marsh of the mid-Atlantic occurs in silty mud along meanders in tidal rivers and guts in the interiors of extensive marshes where there is significant freshwater input. Vegetation Description: The vegetation is diverse and variable but is characterized by the consistent presence of Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), Schoenoplectus robustus (sturdy bulrush), and Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed). Other associates include Amaranthus cannabinus (tidalmarsh amaranth), Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush), Peltandra virginica (green arrow arum), Pluchea odorata (sweetscent), Bidens coronata (crowned beggarticks), Kosteletzkya virginica (Virginia saltmarsh mallow), Eleocharis palustris (common spikerush), Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed), Schoenoplectus americanus (chairmaker's bulrush), Ptilimnium capillaceum (herbwilliam), and Echinochloa walteri (coast cockspur grass). Spartina cynosuroides (big cordgrass) is a common associate in Virginia examples and in some areas of Maryland. An unusually diverse example of this vegetation in Delaware occurs on Blackbird Creek and supports the additional species Eleocharis parvula (dwarf spikerush), Cyperus filicinus (fern flatsedge), Sium suave (hemlock waterparsnip), Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail), Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. moscheutos (crimsoneyed rosemallow) and Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead). Most Abundant Species: Information not available. Characteristic Species: Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed), Schoenoplectus robustus (sturdy bulrush), Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Other Noteworthy Species: Species GRank Type Note Aeschynomene virginica (Virginia jointvetch) G2 plant USFWS Wetland System: Estuarine. 298
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park DISTRIBUTION Range: This vegetation occurs on the Coastal Plain of Maryland, Delaware and Virginia. States/Provinces: DE, MD, NJ:S3. Federal Lands: NPS (Colonial). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: GNR (15-Nov-2000). Reasons: Information not available. CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Standard. Confidence: 3 - Weak. Comments: This association includes the former Spartina alterniflora - Amaranthus cannabinus Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL006147), now considered to be a depauperate variant of CEGL006418. Similar Associations: • Spartina alterniflora - Lilaeopsis chinensis Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004193). Related Concepts: • Spartina alterniflora - Spartina cynosuroides Herbaceous Vegetation (Coulling 2002) = • Bishop-weed - Mixed Species Brackish Marsh (Bowman 2000) F • Marsh Type II (Nicholson and Van Deusen 1954) B • Smooth Cordgrass - Water Hemp Tidal Marsh (Bowman 2000) F SOURCES Description Authors: P. Bowman, mod. L. A. Sneddon. References: Bowman 2000, Coulling 2002, Eastern Ecology Working Group n.d., Harrison 2004, Harrison and Stango 2003, Nicholson and Van Deusen 1954, Walz et al. 2006. 299
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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