Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. USFWS Wetland System: Estuarine. DISTRIBUTION Range: This community occurs along the Atlantic Coast of Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina. States/Provinces: MD:S4, NC, VA:SNR. Federal Lands: NPS (Colonial); USFWS (Back Bay, Chesapeake Marshlands). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: G4 (23-Jun-1997). Reasons: Information not available. CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Standard. Confidence: 2 - Moderate. Comments: Information not available. Similar Associations: • Morella cerifera - Toxicodendron radicans / Spartina bakeri Shrubland (CEGL004789). Related Concepts: • Morella cerifera - Rosa palustris / Thelypteris palustris var. palustris Tidal Shrubland (Harrison and Stango 2003) = • Morella cerifera - Salix caroliniana / Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens Tidal Shrubland (VDNH 2003) = • Myrica cerifera - Salix caroliniana / Thelypteris palustris ssp. pubescens Tidally Flooded Shrubland (Fleming 1998) ? SOURCES Description Authors: G. Fleming, mod. J. Teague and E. Largay. References: Coulling 2002, Fleming 1998, Fleming et al. 2001, Harrison 2004, Harrison and Stango 2003, Southeastern Ecology Working Group n.d., VDNH 2003. 278
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): SALT SCRUB SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: Groundsel-tree - Maritime Marsh-elder / Switchgrass Shrubland USNVC Scientific Name: Baccharis halimifolia - Iva frutescens / Panicum virgatum Shrubland USNVC Identifier: CEGL003921 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Salt Scrub includes halophytic shrublands that form fringes along the lower James and York rivers. Salt Scrub occurs adjacent to the active river channel. In Colonial National Historical Park, this mapping unit commonly occupies high, only irregularly flooded landscape positions in a mosaic with lower, diurnally flooded salt marsh or fringe beach. Vegetation Description: Baccharis halimifolia (eastern baccharis), Iva frutescens (Jesuit's bark), and Morella cerifera (wax myrtle) are the usual woody dominants, occurring singly or in combination. Other shrub species can include Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (eastern redcedar) and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine). Tidal herbaceous vegetation and areas of bare sand beach often form a complex with these shrublands. Distichlis spicata (inland saltgrass), Panicum virgatum var. virgatum (switchgrass), Phragmites australis (common reed), Solidago sempervirens (seaside goldenrod), Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), Spartina cynosuroides (big cordgrass), Spartina patens (saltmeadow cordgrass), and Typha angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail) can occur as associates in Salt Scrub and even be locally dominant. Salt Scrub occurs in small, linear patches on the Colonial National Historical Park landscape, often less than 0.5 ha in size, ranging to about 3 hectares. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Shrub/sapling (tall & short) Broad-leaved deciduous shrub Baccharis halimifolia (eastern baccharis) Short shrub/sapling Broad-leaved deciduous shrub Iva frutescens (Jesuit's bark) Herb (field) Graminoid Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) Characteristic Species: Baccharis halimifolia (eastern baccharis), Iva frutescens (Jesuit's bark), Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. Subnational Distribution with Crosswalk Data: State SRank Rel Conf SName Reference VA SNR* B 1 Salt Scrub Fleming et al. 2006 Local Range: Salt Scrub occurs along the York River, north of Yorktown and along the James River in the vicinity of Kingsmill. Classification Comments: This association is distinguished by being a tidal shrubland occurring as linear patches along rivers and having a complex of sandy shrublands and tidal herbaceous vegetation. A similar mapping unit, Tidal Shrub Swamp (Wax Myrtle Type), which always occurs adjacent to tidal marsh, is wet and mucky, not sandy. Other Comments: Information not available. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: None. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. 279
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