Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park States/Provinces: KY?, MD, PA?, TN, VA:S5, WV? Federal Lands: DOD (Fort Belvoir, Kerr Reservoir); NPS (Appomattox Court House, Big South Fork, C&O Canal, Colonial, Fredericksburg-Spotsylvania, George Washington Parkway, National Capital-East, Obed, Prince William, Rock Creek, Shenandoah, Thomas Stone); USFS (Daniel Boone?, George Washington, Jefferson, Sumter (Piedmont)?, Sumter?). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: G5 (24-Jan-2005). Reasons: This community is a matrix-forming vegetation type in the Virginia and Maryland Piedmont and is probably more widespread at low elevations of the central Appalachian Mountains than documentation indicates. CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Standard. Confidence: 2 - Moderate. Comments: This unit is distinct among Virginia's oak/heath forests in its occurrence on lowelevation, rolling to sub-level, usually non-rocky terrain of the Piedmont and mountains. Quercus alba (white oak), normally a minor tree in montane oak/heath forests, is characteristic and usually codominant, while the prevalence of deciduous ericads and the presence of the lowelevation oaks Quercus falcata (southern red oak) and Quercus stellata (post oak) further distinguish the type. Quercus prinus (chestnut oak) and Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel), although present and occasionally abundant, are not as important in this unit as in related Central Appalachian oak/heath vegetation types, particularly Quercus prinus - (Quercus coccinea, Quercus rubra) / Kalmia latifolia / Vaccinium pallidum Forest (CEGL006299). The latter is generally associated with relatively steep, often rocky terrain of the Central Appalachians and dissected topography in the Piedmont. Originally, the concept of this type (CEGL008521) was restricted to "Piedmont"-like landscapes in the mountains. However, additional quantitative data analysis of a statewide (Virginia) set of 180 oak/heath plots led to a broader conceptual interpretation that includes both montane and Piedmont stands. The type is represented by 54 plots from Virginia, and 20 from Maryland and the District of Columbia. Attempts to split this unit based on the presence or absence of Quercus prinus (chestnut oak) have proven unworkable because significant environmental or floristic differences between the putative groups are lacking. Similar Associations: • Quercus (prinus, coccinea) / Kalmia latifolia / (Galax urceolata, Gaultheria procumbens) Forest (CEGL006271)--of southern Appalachians. • Quercus alba - Quercus falcata - (Carya pallida) / Gaylussacia frondosa Forest (CEGL006269)--of the Mid- Atlantic Coastal Plain. • Quercus alba - Quercus falcata / Vaccinium (arboreum, hirsutum, pallidum) Forest (CEGL008567)--described from southeastern Tennessee, with similar understory and associated species but with prominent Quercus falcata. • Quercus prinus - (Quercus coccinea, Quercus rubra) / Kalmia latifolia / Vaccinium pallidum Forest (CEGL006299)--of the Central Appalachians and northern Piedmont. Related Concepts: • Quercus alba - Quercus falcata - Carya tomentosa / Cornus florida Association (Rawinski et al. 1996) ? • Quercus coccinea - Quercus velutina - Quercus alba / Amelanchier arborea / Gaylussacia baccata Forest (Fleming and Coulling 2001) F • Quercus coccinea - Quercus velutina - Quercus alba / Amelanchier arborea / Gaylussacia baccata Forest (Fleming et al. 2004) = • White Oak - Black Oak - Northern Red Oak: 52 (Eyre 1980) B • White Oak - Scarlet Oak - Pine Type (Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982) = 230
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park SOURCES Description Authors: G. P. Fleming and P. Coulling, mod. L. A. Sneddon. References: Eyre 1980, Fleming and Coulling 2001, Fleming et al. 2001, Fleming et al. 2004, Hall and Mathews 1974, Harbor 1996, Harrison 2004, Rawinski et al. 1996, Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982, TDNH unpubl. data. Figure I12. Piedmont / Low Elevation Mixed Oak – Heath Forest (plot COLO.23) at Colonial National Historical Park. September 2004. NAD 1983 / UTM easting 348874, northing 4121350. 231
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