Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Herbaceous Vegetation (V) Physiognomic Subclass Perennial graminoid vegetation (V.A.) Physiognomic Group Temperate or subpolar grassland (V.A.5.) Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural temperate or subpolar grassland (V.A.5.N.) Formation Medium-tall sod temperate or subpolar grassland (V.A.5.N.c.) Alliance Dactylis glomerata - Rumex acetosella Herbaceous Alliance (A.1190) Alliance (English name) Orchard Grass - Common Sheep Sorrel Herbaceous Alliance Association Dactylis glomerata - Phleum pratense - Festuca spp. - Solidago spp. Herbaceous Vegetation Association (English name) Orchard Grass - Timothy - Fescue species - Goldenrod species Herbaceous Vegetation Ecological System(s): Information not available. GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This broadly defined vegetation type includes pastures and postagricultural fields and is largely composed of nonnative cool-season grasses and herbs (generally of European origin) in the early stages of succession. The fields are typically mowed at least annually. Physiognomically, these grasslands are generally comprised of mid-height (1-3 feet tall) grasses and forbs, with occasional scattered shrubs. Species composition varies from site to site, depending on land-use history and perhaps soil type, but in general this vegetation is quite wide-ranging in northeastern and midwestern states and at higher elevations (610-1220 m [2000 4000 feet]) in the southeastern states. Dominant grasses vary from site to site but generally feature the nominal species. Other graminoid associates may include Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), Agrostis hyemalis (winter bentgrass), Elymus repens (quackgrass), Bromus inermis (smooth brome), Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) (not in abundance), and Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernalgrass). Forbs scattered among the grasses are varied but include Hieracium spp. (hawkweeds), Oxalis stricta (common yellow oxalis), Achillea millefolium (common yarrow), Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed), Solidago rugosa (wrinkleleaf goldenrod), Solidago nemoralis (gray goldenrod), Solidago juncea (early goldenrod), Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod), Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod), Euthamia graminifolia (flat-top goldentop), Cerastium arvense (field chickweed), Oenothera biennis (common evening-primrose), Potentilla simplex (common cinquefoil), Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (calico aster), Symphyotrichum novaeangliae (New England aster), Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (white panicle aster), Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (annual ragweed), Vicia cracca (bird vetch), Trifolium spp. (clovers), and many others. Environmental Description: This association occurs on pastures and land that has been tilled. Generally the fields are mowed at least annually. Vegetation Description: In addition to Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass) and Phleum pratense (timothy), these grassy fields are characterized by graminoids including Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), Agrostis hyemalis (winter bentgrass), Elymus repens (quackgrass), Bromus inermis (smooth brome), Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) (not in abundance), and Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernalgrass). Forbs scattered among the grasses are varied but include Hieracium spp. (hawkweeds), Oxalis 284
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park stricta (common yellow oxalis), Achillea millefolium (common yarrow), Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed), Solidago rugosa (wrinkleleaf goldenrod), Solidago nemoralis (gray goldenrod), Solidago juncea (early goldenrod), Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod), Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod), Euthamia graminifolia (flat-top goldentop), Cerastium arvense (field chickweed), Oenothera biennis (common evening-primrose), Potentilla simplex (common cinquefoil), Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (calico aster), Symphyotrichum novaeangliae (New England aster), Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (white panicle aster), Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (annual ragweed), Vicia cracca (bird vetch), Trifolium spp. (clovers), and many others. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Herb (field) Forb Rumex acetosella (common sheep sorrel) Herb (field) Graminoid Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), Festuca rubra (red fescue), Phleum pratense (timothy) Characteristic Species: Achillea millefolium (common yarrow), Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernalgrass), Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), Euthamia graminifolia (flat-top goldentop), Phleum pratense (timothy), Rumex acetosella (common sheep sorrel), Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod), Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod), Solidago rugosa (wrinkleleaf goldenrod). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. USFWS Wetland System: Not applicable. DISTRIBUTION Range: This vegetation is quite wide-ranging in northeastern and midwestern states and possibly occurs at higher elevations in the southeastern states. States/Provinces: CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NB?, NH, NJ, NS?, NY, PA, QC?, RI, TN, VA, VT, WV. Federal Lands: NPS (Allegheny Portage Railroad, Appomattox Court House, Booker T. Washington, Boston Harbor Islands, Cape Cod, Colonial, Delaware Water Gap, Fire Island, Fort Necessity, Fredericksburg-Spotsylvania, Friendship Hill, Gateway, George Washington Birthplace, Gettysburg, Johnstown Flood, Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller, Minute Man, Morristown, Petersburg, Richmond, Saint-Gaudens, Saratoga, Upper Delaware, Valley Forge, Weir Farm); USFWS (Aroostook, Assabet River, Carlton Pond, Erie, Great Meadows, Moosehorn, Nulhegan Basin, Oxbow, Parker River). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: GNA (modified/managed) (8-Dec-2005). Reasons: This vegetation type includes pasture and post-agricultural fields and is largely composed of nonnative grasses and herbs (generally of European origin). CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Standard. Confidence: 3 - Weak. Comments: Schizachyrium scoparium - (Andropogon virginicus) - Solidago spp. Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL006333) is similar to this type but is dominated by warm-season grasses. 285
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