Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park SOURCES Description Authors: D. Thompson, J. Meininger, L. A. Sneddon, mod. L. A. Sneddon and G. P. Fleming. References: Bowman 2000, Breden et al. 2001, Eastern Ecology Working Group n.d., Fleming 2001, Harrison 2004, Harrison and Stango 2003, Meininger 1998, Thomson et al. 1999, VDNH 2003. Figure I14. Coastal Plain / Piedmont Floodplain Swamp Forest (Green Ash – Red Maple Type) (plot COLO.17) at Colonial National Historical Park. July 2004. NAD 1983 / UTM easting 365101, northing 4118166. 242
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): COASTAL PLAIN DEPRESSION WETLAND (SWAMP TUPELO TYPE) SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: Sweetgum - Red Maple - Swamp Blackgum / Cypress Swamp Sedge Forest USNVC Scientific Name: Liquidambar styraciflua - Acer rubrum - Nyssa biflora / Carex joorii Forest USNVC Identifier: CEGL006223 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Coastal Plain Depression Wetland (Swamp Tupelo Type) occurs as a seasonally flooded deciduous forest in an otherwise upland landscape. It includes poorly drained basin wetlands occurring on nearly flat Coastal Plain terraces with fluctuating, seasonally perched water tables. Most of these wetlands are seasonally flooded and are believed to be sinkhole features that formed through dissolution of underlying carbonate-rich, shell marl deposits. The marl deposits are too deep to influence soil or water chemistry of the depressions, which are strongly acidic in most examples. This association typically occupies the more deeply flooded ponds or pond centers that are flooded to depths > 50 cm (2 ft). Vegetation Description: In Colonial National Historical Park, Coastal Plain Depression Wetland (Swamp Tupelo Type) includes forested ponds with Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), and Nyssa biflora (swamp tupelo). Shrubs include Leucothoe racemosa (swamp doghobble) and Cephalanthus occidentalis (common buttonbush). During the winter and spring these ponds are often filled with water. When drawn down, these communities have very sparse herb strata with the ground covered in litter and bare soil. Herb species vary from site to site, but in general, herbs characteristic of these communities are welladapted to long periods of submersion. Some typical herbaceous species in park examples include Carex joorii (cypress swamp sedge) and Carex striata var. brevis (Walter's sedge). Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) Characteristic Species: Acer rubrum (red maple), Carex joorii (cypress swamp sedge), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Nyssa biflora (swamp tupelo). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. Subnational Distribution with Crosswalk Data: State SRank Rel Conf SName Reference VA SNR* B . Coastal Plain Depression Pond Fleming et al. 2001 Local Range: This association is mapped as a single polygon in the vicinity of Yorktown Battlefield. Classification Comments: This community is distinguished by occurring as small, isolated wetlands in an otherwise upland landscape and by the presence of Nyssa biflora (swamp tupelo). It has a longer hydroperiod than Coastal Plain Depression Wetland (Red Maple - Sweetgum - WIllow Oak Type). Other Comments: No information. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. 243
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