Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Local Range: Successional Tuliptree - Loblolly Pine Forest covers the greatest area of any map class in Colonial National Historical Park. It is found in all areas of the park, covering a total of 1250 hectares (3090 acres). Classification Comments: Some stands of Successional Tuliptree - Loblolly Pine Forest may be similar to Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest, but can be distinguished by the lack of dominant canopy oaks or Fagus grandifolia (American beech) and the overall more "weedy" successional structure and composition. Stands of Successional Tuliptree - Loblolly Pine Forest tend to be even-aged, whereas Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest has mixed age class stands. Additionally, Successional Tuliptree - Loblolly Pine Forest tends to occur on disturbed flats and gentle slopes. In general, Coastal Plain Loblolly Pine - Oak Forest has greater coverage of oak species and coastal shrubs such as Morella cerifera (wax myrtle) and Persea palustris (swamp bay), and lacks Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree). It is also found in a different landscape context than Successional Tuliptree - Loblolly Pine Forest, on low lying areas or sandy interfluves, surrounded by tidal wetlands. Other Comments: Information not available. Local Description Authors: K. D. Patterson. Plots: None. Colonial National Historical Park Inventory Notes: Information not available. GLOBAL INFORMATION USNVC CLASSIFICATION Physiognomic Class Forest (I) Physiognomic Subclass Deciduous forest (I.B.) Physiognomic Group Cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.) Physiognomic Subgroup Natural/Semi-natural cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.) Formation Lowland or submontane cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.a.) Alliance Liriodendron tulipifera Forest Alliance (A.236) Alliance (English name) Tuliptree Forest Alliance Association Liriodendron tulipifera - Pinus taeda Forest Association (English name) Tuliptree - Loblolly Pine Forest Ecological System(s): Information not available. GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: The initial USNVC description of this semi-natural tuliptree - loblolly pine forest was based on sites in the Piedmont of South Carolina, but it has since been documented in Virginia and Alabama, and is almost certainly present in other parts of the Piedmont. The vegetation develops on slopes following cropping. This forest is strongly dominated by Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree) and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) which together contribute more than 75% canopy cover. Other canopy species include Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) and Acer rubrum (red maple). Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) sometimes occurs in the subcanopy, and vines such as Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle), Smilax rotundifolia (roundleaf greenbrier) and Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy) may be abundant. The understory and ground layers are very sparse with much open ground present. Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) may dominated in the herbaceous layer. Environmental Description: This successional forest community develops on slopes following cropping. The specific documented occurrences on the Sumter National Forest, South Carolina, have developed on former cotton fields of lower to midslopes, where soils usually have 60-70% sand. 210
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Vegetation Description: Stands of this forest community are strongly dominated by Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree) and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) which together contribute more than 75% canopy cover. Other canopy species include Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) and Acer rubrum (red maple). The understory and ground layers are very sparse with much open ground present. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Needle-leaved tree Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) Tree canopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree) Tree subcanopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) Shrub/sapling (tall & short) Vine/Liana Smilax rotundifolia (roundleaf greenbrier) Herb (field) Fern or fern ally Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fern) Characteristic Species: Carya alba (mockernut hickory), Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud), Quercus falcata (southern red oak). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. USFWS Wetland System: Not applicable. DISTRIBUTION Range: This association is known from the Piedmont of South Carolina, but is likely to be found in the North Carolina and Georgia Piedmont, as well the coastal plains. It also occurs in Virginia and Alabama and is likely in Tennessee. States/Provinces: AL, FL?, GA?, MS?, NC?, SC, TN?, VA. Federal Lands: NPS (Colonial); USFS (Apalachicola?, Bankhead, Bienville?, Conecuh?, De Soto?, Oconee?, Sumter, Sumter (Piedmont), Tombigbee?, Tuskegee?). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: GNA (ruderal) (11-May-2001). Reasons: A successional type, not of conservation value, but dominated by species native to North America (Grank changed from GW). CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Standard. Confidence: 3 - Weak. Comments: Information not available. Similar Associations: • Liriodendron tulipifera - Acer negundo Forest (CEGL007184)--has a shrub stratum of Robinia pseudoacacia. • Liriodendron tulipifera / (Cercis canadensis) / (Lindera benzoin) Forest (CEGL007220). • Pinus taeda - Liquidambar styraciflua Semi-natural Forest (CEGL008462). Related Concepts: • IF3a. Recently Harvested Timber Land (Allard 1990) B • Loblolly Pine - Hardwood: 82 (Eyre 1980) B • Yellow poplar (50) (USFS 1988) ? • Yellow-Poplar: 57 (Eyre 1980) B SOURCES Description Authors: S. Landaal, mod. M. Pyne and L. A. Sneddon. References: Allard 1990, Eyre 1980, Schotz pers. comm., Southeastern Ecology Working Group n.d., TDNH unpubl. data, USFS 1988. 211
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