Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park Figure I15. Coastal Plain Depression Wetland (Swamp Tupelo Type) at Colonial National Historical Park. September 2004. NAD 1983 / UTM easting 366051, northing 4117556. 246
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): COASTAL PLAIN DEPRESSION WETLAND (RED MAPLE - SWEETGUM - WILLOW OAK TYPE) SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: Sweetgum - Red Maple - Willow Oak / Swamp Doghobble Forest USNVC Scientific Name: Liquidambar styraciflua - Acer rubrum - Quercus phellos / Leucothoe racemosa Forest USNVC Identifier: CEGL006110 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Coastal Plain Depression Wetland occurs as a seasonally flooded deciduous forest in an otherwise upland landscape. It includes poorly drained basin wetlands occurring on nearly flat Coastal Plain terraces with fluctuating, seasonally perched water tables. Most of these wetlands are seasonally flooded and are believed to be sinkhole features that formed through dissolution of underlying carbonate-rich, shell marl deposits. The marl deposits are too deep to influence soil or water chemistry of the depressions, which are strongly acidic in most examples. This community type typically occupies ponds that are flooded to depths < 50 cm (2 ft). Vegetation Description: In Colonial National Historical Park, Coastal Plain Depression Wetland (Red Maple - Sweetgum - Willow Oak Type) includes forested ponds with Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Nyssa sylvatica (blackgum), and Quercus phellos (willow oak) as typical canopy components. Shrubs that dominate some ponds include Ilex opaca var. opaca (American holly), Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry), and Leucothoe racemosa (swamp doghobble). During the winter and spring these ponds are often filled with water. When drawn down, these communities have very sparse herb strata with the ground covered in litter and bare soil. Herb species vary from site to site, but in general, herbs characteristic of these communities are well-adapted to long periods of submersion. Some typical herbaceous species in Colonial National Historical Park examples include Carex joorii (cypress swamp sedge), Juncus effusus (common rush), Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (royal fern), Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (eastern marsh fern), and Woodwardia areolata (netted chainfern). Some examples may have cover by Sphagnum spp. (sphagnum mosses). Coastal Plain Depression Wetland occurs in patches of 0.5 ha or less than. Disturbed ponds may have Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) as a component and less diverse vegetation strata. Many examples in the park have canopy wind damage from past hurricanes. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) Characteristic Species: Acer rubrum (red maple), Carex joorii (cypress swamp sedge), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Quercus phellos (willow oak). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. Subnational Distribution with Crosswalk Data: State SRank Rel Conf SName Reference VA SNR* B . Coastal Plain Depression Wetland . 247
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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