John Stuart Mill: A Criticism with Personal Recollections

112 WORK ON UTILITARIANISM. 1849-1872.
too weak a term for Sir James s theory of Church Government.
So, he insists on the vital connexion between a belief in God
he him
and in Immortality and our existing ethical code ; yet
self has endeavoured to show the insufficiency of the evidences
of Christianity, which is our present embodiment of Theism.
There is an interesting letter in Kingsley s Life (Vol. II., p.
88), written by Mill, in answer to one from Kingsley, thanking
him for
also for
"
the gift of his Dissertations and Discussions," and
the work on Liberty, which he says, "affected me
in making me a clearer-headed, braver-minded man on the
spot". The point of the expression requires
an additional
fact to be known. Kingsley first saw the Liberty on the table
in Parker s shop. He sat down and read it through, there and
then ; and made the remark before he left thejshop.
. >^"~
Closely connected, both in date of composition and in subject
matter, is the Utilitarianism. I find from a letter that it was
written in 1854. It was thoroughly revised in 1860, and
appeared as three papers in Fraser s Magazine in the beginning
of 1 86 1. I am not aware that any change was made in re
printing it as a volume, notwithstanding that it had its full share
of hostile criticism as it came out in Fraser.
*~ This short work has many volumes to answer for. The
amount of attention it has received is due, in my opinion, partly
to its merits, and partly to its defects. As a powerful advocacy
of Utility, it threw the Intuitionists on the defensive ; while by
a number of unguarded utterances, it gave them important
strategic positions which they could not fail to occupy.
It is this last point that I shall now chiefly dwell upon.
What I allude to more particularly is the theory of pleasure and
pain, embodied in the second chapter, or rather the string of
casual expressions having reference to pleasures and pains. I
have already said that I consider Mill s Hedonism weak. I do
not find fault with him for not having elaborated a Hedonistic
theory ; that is a matter still ahead of us. My objection lies to