John Stuart Mill: A Criticism with Personal Recollections

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194 DANGER OF THE POWER OF NUMBERS. 1849-1872. the suffrage, considered it a part of his calling to set forth all the possible dangers of placing power in the hands of the ma jority. He gave his first note of warning on this point, in the the topic came up again in his reviews of De Bentham article ; Tocqueville, and is treated at length in the Representative Government. Although, in point of fact, the transfer of power has gone on, as is usual, through the scramble of parties, by flukes and leaps in the dark, these warnings are not thrown away. At our present stage, we have not been able to con ceive, still less to set up, an ideal minority that shall be more faithful to our collective interests than an actual majority. All the governing minorities, hitherto, have looked chiefly to themselves ; and consequently the greater the extension of the suffrage, the fewer are the neglected interests. Mill is exceed ingly sensitive to the welfare of small minorities, who have so little chance under the government of a majority ; though, of course, equally ill off under a minority distinct from them selves. The great advantage of is democracy that all classes have votes, and can thus make their influence felt ; minorities cannot have the absolute rule, but they can club with other minorities and make terms with the preponderating body, be fore contributing to place it in power. That the working class, having the absolute majority of votes, may band themselves on their class interest, and seize the reins of power to the exclusion of property and capital, is at the present moment chimerical. The elder Mill s faith in the influence of the middle class, which combines wealth and intelligence with no small numerical force, stands good, so far as we have gone yet : the government is still upon their shoulders, although subject to great upper-class control. Nevertheless, we are none the worse for his son s elaborate examination of the evils that may possibly arise from the sway of mere numbers. So much in answer to the question what has Mill done by way of construction in social philosophy? His constructiveness in other branches is less ambiguous ; I mention for the last
INFLUENCE BY MULTITUDE OF SMALL IMPRESSIONS. time, but without further comment, the Logic of Induc tion. 195 Although in order to a permanent reputation, it is necessary to produce a work great in itself and of exclusive authorship, yet this is not the only way that original power manifests itself. A multitude of small impressions may have the accumu lated effect of a mighty whole. Who shall sum up Mill s collective influence as an instructor in Politics, Ethics, Logic, and Metaphysics ? No calculus can integrate the innumerable little pulses of knowledge and of thought that he has made to vibrate in the minds of his generation. The united careers of the two Mills covered exactly a cen tury. A day chosen between the 23rd April and the 7th May, 1973, would serve as a double centenary, when their conjoint influence might be finally summed up.
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tfl ! I JOHN STUART MILL. Ill
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JOHN STUART MILL V- A CRITICISM WIT
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CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. EARLY EDUCATIO
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^Openings for criticisrr, ..... . .
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Contents. xi PAGE Mistaken advocacy
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Contents. JU1^ Opinions criticized,
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2 EARLIEST READINGS. 1806-1821. let
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4 DESCRIBES FORD ABBEY. l8o6-l82I.
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6 LETTER TO SIR SAMUEL BENTHAM. 1 8
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8 LOGIC AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 1 80
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COMPARISON WITH AUTOBIOGRAPHY. l8o6
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12 ARRIVAL AT TOULOUSE. 1 806-182 1
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14 DIARY AT TOULOUSE. 1 806-182 1.
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!6 DIARY AT TOULOUSE. 1 806-182 1.
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l8 DIARY AT TOULOUSE. 1806-182 1. F
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20 DIARY AT TOULOUSE. 1 806-182 1.
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22 JOURNEY TO THE PYRENEES. 1 806-1
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24 APPLICATION TO STUDY EXCESSIVE.
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26 ESTIMATE OE HIS PRECOCITY. 1806-
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28 ACQUAINTANCES AT CAMBRIDGE. l8o6
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CHAPTER II. TWENTY YEARS OF WORK. 1
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32 WRITINGS IN THE WESTMINSTER. 182
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34 EXPOSURE OF HUME S HISTORY. 1820
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36 WHATELY S LOGIC. 1820-1840. meas
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38 MENTAL CRISIS OF 1826. 1820-1840
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40 OUTLINE FROM 1830 TO 1840. 1820-
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42 VISIT TO PARIS. 1820-1840. and i
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44 ILL AGAIN IN 1839. 1820-1840. Mr
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^6 LONDON REVIEW STARTED. 1820-1840
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48 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER REVIEW. 1
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50 CARLYLE S FRENCH REVOLUTION. 182
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52 PHILOSOPHIZES IN LITERATURE AND
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54 REORGANIZATION OF THE REFORM PAR
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56 PHILOSOPHY OF CONSERVATISM. 1820
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58 MILL TAKES THE WHOLE RISK. 1820-
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6o COMPLAINT AGAINST THE RADICALS.
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CHAPTER III. LOGIC AND POLITICAL EC
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64 IN THE INDIA HOUSE. 1841-1848. A
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66 THE LOGIC READY FOR PRESS. 1841-
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68 INCONSISTENCIES OF EXPRESSION IN
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70 COMTE S WORK BROUGHT TO ENGLAND.
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72 DISTINCTION OF ORDER AND PROGRES
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74 CORRESPONDENCE WITH COMTE. 1841-
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76 REVIEW OF BAILEY S THEORY OF VIS
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7 g ARTICLE ON MICHELET. 1841-1848.
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8o REVIEWS OF LOGIC. 1841-1848. Lon
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82 HERSCHEL ON COMTE. 1841-1848. th
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84 REVIEW OF GUIZOT. 1841-1848. men
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86 REVIEW OF GROTE S GREECE. 1841-1
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88 LIEBIG S OPINION OF LOGIC. 1841-
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90 SOCIALISM. 1841-1848. of many, t
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CHAPTER IV. 1849-1873. WHAT I have
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94 REVIEWS: WHEWELL; GROTE. 1849-18
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96 DRAFTS THE INDIA COMPANY S PETIT
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98 EFFECTS ON PEOPLE OF INDIA. 1849
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100 DOUBLE GOVERNMENT NO EVIL. 1849
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102 WIFE S DEATH. 1849-1873. take o
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he hsd abandoned, it. 103(a) The Li
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N 104(a) fighting for reception, it
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\ C I < but fighting for rec
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105(8) character, and become for th
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107 this chapter is not inferior to
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DEGREES OF DISAPPROBATION AND PUNIS
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SIR JAMES STEPHEN S CRITICISM. in T
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IMPERFECT DEFINITION OF HAPPINESS.
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CRITICISMS ON UTILITARIANISM. 115 T
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VOLUME ON REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
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. LOW OPINION OF HAMILTON. HO He wa
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FIXITY OF ORDER. I2I decessors in p
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HAMILTON ON FREE-WILL. 123 ward and
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SUCCESS IN PARLIAMENT. I 2 c enthus
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RECTORIAL ADDRESS. 127 The performa
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EDITING HIS FATHER S "ANALYSIS
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mind, open to exception. ASSERTS EQ
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G rote died in June, 1871. GROTE S
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CONSTRUCTIVE THEISM. what there was
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DISTINCTIVENESS OF CHRIST S INDIVID
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INADEQUACY OF THE RELIGIOUS DISCUSS
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CHAPTER V. CHARACTER AND INFLUENCE.
Page 171 and 172: STORAGE OF PRINCIPLES. 143 whether
Page 173 and 174: NOT CONTEXT WITH HALF-SOLUTIONS. 14
Page 175 and 176: DOCTRINAL ERRORS. our mental life.
Page 177 and 178: SOURCES OF HIS ACTIVITY. 149 viewed
Page 179 and 180: TASTES AND DIVERSIONS. 151 complex
Page 181 and 182: FEAR OF RAILWAYS DEFACING THE COUNT
Page 183 and 184: SYMPATHETIC SIDE. I(-c Louis Courie
Page 185 and 186: TREATMENT OF OPPONENTS IN CONTROVER
Page 187 and 188: WORK THE END OF HIS LIFE. 159 labou
Page 189 and 190: HARSH WAY OF SPEAKING OF ENGLAND. 1
Page 191 and 192: FRIENDSHIP WITH MRS. TAYLOR. advice
Page 193 and 194: DEDICATION OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. 16
Page 195 and 196: ENCOMIUMS AFTER HER DEATH. 167 He d
Page 197 and 198: HER CONTRIBUTIONS TO HIS WRITINGS.
Page 199 and 200: HIS WIFE S GENIUS. had prepared him
Page 201 and 202: MISTAKEN EXPLANATIONS. 173 The more
Page 203 and 204: man must have become her temple.&qu
Page 205 and 206: STRENGTH AND EMPHASIS. have the vir
Page 207 and 208: EXAMPLE OF EXPOSITION. expounded is
Page 209 and 210: A DOUBLE SUBJECT. jgi stating the c
Page 211 and 212: ARTS OF PERSUASION. !3^ o depends,
Page 213 and 214: EXAMPLES OF WIT. 1 85 The powerful
Page 215 and 216: DIFFERENT OPINIONS AS TO CONVERSATI
Page 217 and 218: GIVING AND TAKING IN CONVERSATION.
Page 219 and 220: RECORDED CONVERSATIONS. 191 we were
Page 221: POLITICAL MOVEMENTS. IO7 single ind
Page 226 and 227: 198 APPENDIX. its foundation in con
Page 228 and 229: i that 200 APPENDIX. The doctrine o
Page 231: By the same Author, A FIRST ENGLISH
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