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262 Health systems in transition Hungary Tótth Á (2008). Regionalitás az egészségügyben-helyzetkép [Rationalistic approach in health care – situation analysis]. IME, 7(4):7–10. Vas G et al. (2009). A 2007.áprlisi 1-jei egészségügyi reformintézkedések hatása az összes kórházi ágyszámra [The impact of the reform measures as of 1 April 2007 on the total number of hospital beds], Egészségügyi Gazdasági Szemle [Journal of Health Economics], 2009(4):5–11 (http://www.weborvos.hu/adat/egsz/2009jul/5-11.pdf, accessed 16 January 2011). Vitrai J, ed. (2007). Inequalities in health systems’ responsiveness: a joint World Health Survey report based on data from selected central European countries. Study report. Copenhagen, World Health Organization (http://www.egeszsegmonitor.hu/dok/ JointReport.pdf, accessed 31 March 2011). Vitrai J, Kiss N, Kriston Vízi G (2010). A magyar egészségügyi szektorban jelenleg használt tervezési eszköztár áttekintése, kritikai értékelése.[Critical review of the currently used methodology for planning in the health care sector], September. Budapest, EgészségMonitor Kutató és Tanácsadó Nonprofit Közhasznú Kft (http://www. egeszsegmonitor.hu/dok/Egeszsegugyi_szolgaltatasok_tervezese.pdf, accessed 25 November 2010). Vokó Z (2009). A nemzeti népegészségügyi program menedzsment problémái [The management problems of the National Public Health Programme]. Népegészségügy [Public Health], 87:341–348. Vokó Z et al. (2009). Does socioeconomic status fully mediate the effect of ethnicity on the health of Roma people in Hungary? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63(6):455–460. WHO (2006). Building foundations for eHealth: progress of Member States. Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO (2011) Hungary, National Health Accounts data (last updated April 2011). Geneva, WHO (http://www.who.int/nha/country/hun/en/, accessed on 9 May 2011). WHO Regional Office for Europe (2010). European Health for All database (HFA-DB) [online database]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe (http://www.euro.who. int/hfadb, accessed 23 February 2011). WHO Regional Office for Europe (2011). European Health for All database (HFA-DB) [online database]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe (http://www.euro.who. int/hfadb, accessed March 2011).
Health systems in transition Hungary 263 10.2 HiT methodology and production process HiTs are produced by country experts in collaboration with the Observatory’s research directors and staff. They are based on a template that, revised periodically, provides detailed guidelines and specific questions, definitions, suggestions for data sources and examples needed to compile reviews. While the template offers a comprehensive set of questions, it is intended to be used in a flexible way to allow authors and editors to adapt it to their particular national context. The most recent template is available online at: http://www.euro.who. int/en/home/projects/observatory/publications/health-system-profiles-hits/ hit-template-2010. Authors draw on multiple data sources for the compilation of HiTs, ranging from national statistics, national and regional policy documents to published literature. Furthermore, international data sources may be incorporated, such as those of the OECD and the World Bank. The OECD Health Data contain over 1200 indicators for the 34 OECD countries. Data are drawn from information collected by national statistical bureaux and health ministries. The World Bank provides World Development Indicators, which also rely on official sources. In addition to the information and data provided by the country experts, the Observatory supplies quantitative data in the form of a set of standard comparative figures for each country, drawing on the European Health for All database. The Health for All database contains more than 600 indicators defined by the WHO Regional Office for Europe for the purpose of monitoring Health in All Policies in Europe. It is updated for distribution twice a year from various sources, relying largely upon official figures provided by governments, as well as health statistics collected by the technical units of the WHO Regional Office for Europe. The standard Health for All data have been officially approved by national governments. With its summer 2007 edition, the Health for All database started to take account of the enlarged EU of 27 Member States. HiT authors are encouraged to discuss the data in the text in detail, including the standard figures prepared by the Observatory staff, especially if there are concerns about discrepancies between the data available from different sources. A typical HiT consists of nine chapters. 1 Introduction: outlines the broader context of the health system, including geography and sociodemography, economic and political context, and population health.
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Contents Preface
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Preface The Health Systems in Trans
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Acknowledgements The Health System
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Abstract Hungary has achieved a suc
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Executive summary Introduction Hung
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1. Introduction 1.1 Geography and s
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18 NATIONAL/CENTRAL LEVEL REGIONAL
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3. Financing 3.1 Health expenditure
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4. Physical and human resources 4.1
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5. Provision of services Health car
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6. Principal health reforms 6.1 Ana
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