Health Systems in Transition - Hungary - World Health Organization ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

10 Health systems in transition Hungary Overall, mortality from circulatory system disease in Hungary has been on the decline among both men and women since the mid-1980s, closely following the trend seen in other EU12 countries. Nevertheless, in 2009 the rate in Hungary was almost twice as high as the EU27 average (421.2 vs. 234.5 deaths per 100 000 population). This is in large part attributable to deaths from ischaemic heart disease, which were two and half times more common in Hungary than in the EU27 as a whole in 2009. In fact, among women, mortality from ischaemic heart disease actually increased for much of the 1990s and has shown a clear downward trend only since 2005 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010). In 2009 Hungary had the highest rate of mortality from malignant neoplasms in the entire WHO European Region. After rising steadily between the 1970s and early 1990s, the rate has plateaued ever since. Although mortality data show a substantial decrease from 2004 to 2005 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010), this may be more the result of changes in death certification and coding practices (e.g. the implementation of a more rigorous validation system) than a reflection of any real phenomenon. Among individuals aged from 25 to 64 years, malignant neoplasms were the dominant cause of mortality for woman and the second most important cause of mortality among men between 2005 and 2007 (Ádány, 2008). A notable exception to these trends is cervical cancer mortality, which – though still well above the EU27 and EU15 averages – has declined rapidly since the early 1980s and has remained below the EU12 average since at least 1990. Another exception, albeit negative, is lung cancer mortality among women, which has risen steadily since 1970 and, at 37.5 cases per 100 000 population, was almost twice as high as the EU27, EU 12 and EU15 averages in 2009 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010). Since 2002, lung cancer has been the most frequent cause of cancer death among women (Ádány, 2008). Mortality from diseases of the digestive system (including chronic liver disease and cirrhosis) has decreased strongly among men and women in Hungary since peaking in the mid-1990s, when it was more than twice the EU12 average. Despite this positive development, mortality from these causes is still much too high; indeed, in 2009, Hungary had the third-highest rate of death from digestive system disease in the WHO European Region (among countries for which data were available), ranking only after Kyrgyzstan and Romania (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010). Deaths due to external causes have decreased, for the most part, since at least the early 1990s. Although suicide rates in Hungary have been part of this favourable trend, they were still more than twice as high as the EU27 average
Health systems in transition Hungary 11 and one and a half times higher than the EU12 average in 2009. Motor vehicle traffic accidents, on the other hand, were only slightly higher than the EU27 average in 2009, and well below the average for the EU12 (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010). Communicable diseases play a subordinate role in Hungary, with the incidence and mortality rates for most childhood infectious diseases continuing to be lower than the EU12 average (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2010) and the mortality rates for viral hepatitis and HIV remaining lower than the EU15 average (European Commission, 2011). Lifestyle factors – especially the traditionally unhealthy Hungarian diet, alcohol consumption and smoking – still play a very important role in shaping the overall health of the population. According to the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) conducted in 2009, 21.5% of male respondents and 18.9% of female respondents reported that they were obese (BMI ≥30) and 39.4% and 31.1%, respectively, reported that they were overweight (BMI ≥25 and
Page 1 and 2: Health Systems in Transition Vol. 1
Page 3 and 4: Health Systems in Transition Péter
Page 5 and 6: Contents Preface
Page 7 and 8: Preface The Health Systems in Trans
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements The Health System
Page 11: Health systems in transition Hungar
Page 14 and 15: xii Health systems in transition Hu
Page 16 and 17: xiv Health systems in transition Hu
Page 19 and 20: Abstract Hungary has achieved a suc
Page 21 and 22: Executive summary Introduction Hung
Page 23 and 24: Health systems in transition Hungar
Page 31 and 32: 1. Introduction 1.1 Geography and s
Page 48 and 49: 18 NATIONAL/CENTRAL LEVEL REGIONAL
Page 50 and 51: 20 Health systems in transition Hun
Page 89 and 90: 3. Financing 3.1 Health expenditure
Page 91 and 92:
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Health systems in
Page 93 and 94:
Health systems in transition Hungar
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
4. Physical and human resources 4.1
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Health system
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 Health
Page 147 and 148:
9 8 7 6 5 4 Health systems in trans
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
5. Provision of services Health car
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
6. Principal health reforms 6.1 Ana
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211:
Page 214 and 215:
184 Health systems in transition Hu
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
202 120 110 100 90 80 70 2800 2700
Page 234 and 235:
204 100 90 80 70 60 Health systems
Page 236 and 237:
206 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Health syste
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 243 and 244:
8. Conclusions Since the mid-1990s,
Page 245:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 283 and 284:
10. Appendices 10.1 References Ád
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
The Health Systems in Transition pr
Page 299:
The European Observatory on Health
show all

Health Systems in Transition - Hungary - World Health Organization ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?