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The form of the pronoun does not change, but there is a<br />change in the postpositional particle that is placed after the<br />pronoun; for direct object pronouns, use o instead of wa:<br />watashi o me<br />bok o me (m, fam)<br />watakshi o me (pol)<br />anata o you (sing)<br />kimi o you (sing, fam, to a subordinate)<br />kare o him<br />kanojo o her<br />watashitachi o us<br />anatatachi o you (pl)<br />kimitachi o you (pl, fam, to subordinates)<br />karera o them (m)<br />kanojotachi o them (f)<br />sorera o them (inanimate objects)<br />kare o yonde kimasho<br />[‘he’ + ob. part. + ‘fetch’]<br />I’ll get him<br />‘It’<br />Japanese has no word that is equivalent to the English pronoun<br />‘it’;‘it’ will be understood in phrases like the following:<br />doko desu ka? toi desu ka?<br />[‘where is’ + question part.] [‘far is’ + question part.]<br />where is it? is it far?<br />ame ga fut·te imasu<br />[‘rain’ + sub. part. + ‘fall is’]<br />it’s raining<br />If you really need to emphasise ‘it’, you can use sore, but this<br />is a demonstrative pronoun rather than a personal pronoun,<br />and actually means ‘that’:<br />HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS<br />■ Pronouns<br />267
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS<br />■ Pronouns / Possessives<br />268<br />sore wa kare no kuruma des<br />[‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘he’ + possessive part. + ‘car is’]<br />it’s his car<br />Demonstrative Pronouns<br />kore this (one); these (ones)<br />sore that (one); those (ones) (nearby or just mentioned)<br />are that (one); those (ones) (further away)<br />kore wa watashi no des sore dewa nak, kore des<br />[‘this’ + sub. part. + ‘I of am’] [‘that as for not this is’]<br />this is mine not that one, this one<br />are wa takai des<br />[‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘expensive is’]<br />that one is expensive<br />See Demonstrative Adjectives, page 282.<br />Possessives<br />Possessive adjectives and pronouns are the same in Japanese.<br />To form the possessive, add the particle no to the pronoun:<br />watashi no my; mine<br />bok no my; mine (m, fam)<br />watakshi no my; mine (pol)<br />anata no your; yours (sing)<br />kimi no you (sing, fam, to a subordinate)<br />kare no his<br />kanojo no her; hers<br />watashitachi no our; ours<br />anatatachi no your; yours (pl)<br />kimitachi no you (pl, fam, to subordinates)<br />karera no their; theirs (m)<br />kanojotachi no their; theirs (f)<br />sorera no their; theirs (inanimate objects)
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t h e R o u g h g u i d e japa
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contents Introduction 5 B
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Basic Phrases
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no, thank you ie kek·ko desu<
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1. Accommodation is there an i
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3. Booking a room shower shaw
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5. Communications ADSL modem A
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7. Emergencies accident j
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9. Health I’m not feeling ve
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11. Meeting people hello 
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13. Restaurants bill kanjō ga
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15. Sightseeing art gallery bi
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English ➜ Japanese
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English ➜ Japanese ABCDEFGHI
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Japanese ➜ English
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A abek·ku lovers, a couple byoki (n
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dochira which; who dochira dem
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Getsuyobi Monday gezai laxativ
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(instrument) hikinobashi enlar
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isha doctor ishi stone, rockKankoku South Ko
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kisu kiss kishibe shore (of la
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(money) kyaku customer ky
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modot·te ikimasu to go back m
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nishukan fortnight ni-to secon
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osugimasu that is too much osu
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kins/towels seishiki (na) form
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shomeisho certificate shonin w
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tansha moped taoru flannel; to
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ue ni up ugokashimasu to move<
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Z zabuton floor cushion z
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Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Not
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Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Not
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Page 259 and 260: Contents Essential Terms . . .
Page 261 and 262: Beer, Spirits, Wine etc 
Page 264: How the Language Works
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