Beneficiaries are actors too.pdf - Southern Institute of Peace ...

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7 Zimbabwe's economic empowerment initiatives: A critical review Ronald Chipaike, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe Abstract Zimbabwe's empowerment efforts began in the 1980s with the redistribution of land under the willing-buyer-willing-seller method, which however proved unviable in the long run. Following on the inability of the willing-buyer-willing-seller strategy to effectively redistribute land, the government embarked on a fast track land reform programme in 2000 which redistributed land to a significant number of locals. Currently, the government is championing industrial indigenisation which it claims will benefit most people. This paper argues that the problem with all of Zimbabwe's empowerment initiatives is that they create wealth for a few and leave out the most deserving people. This creates conditions for economic and political instability. The paper holds that the solution to this problem is to channel funds to the informal sector and small business enterprises where most of the economically vulnerable groups have found economic refuge. 117
Introduction The Zimbabwean land reform programme and the current industrial indigenisation programme have met with mixed reactions from both the local constituents and the international community. Initially, the land reform programme was seen by the United States of America (USA) and the members of the white Commonwealth as a flagrant and vindictive violation of property rights which could only be stopped by the imposition of punitive measures on the Mugabe regime; however it has become apparent that land has been taken for good and it seems these countries are beginning to learn to live with that reality. The industrial indigenisation drive as well has been criticised for the huge chunks of stakes that it forces foreign owned corporations to cede to black Zimbabweans. The programme, though noble has been criticised for being introduced in an environment in which the economy is struggling to stabilise as a result of a decade long recession caused by a host of challenges ranging from blatant corruption and general economic mismanagement by government officials to a list of restrictive measures put on the country by the USA, the United Kingdom, Australia and other countries who are supposedly opposed to the land reform programme and the checkered human rights record of the Mugabe regime since 2000. The concern is that the law will scare off potential investors who would want to bring the much needed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and force those already operating in Zimbabwe out of business as a result of the 'injustice' they would have suffered. All these observations paint a picture of a hastily compiled policy that is inconsistent with the needs of an economy struggling for stability in the interim. However all the talk about the advantages and disadvantages of both the land reform and the industrial indigenisation drive miss the point that both processes have yawning loopholes that will contribute to significant political and economic problems in the near future. Significant sections of Zimbabwe's communal areas have not been decongested as a result of the land reform programme as 118
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Sustainable peace and development a
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Sustainable peace and development a
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Contents Introduction: The primacy
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its work on community, with special
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in Africa. The paper highlights the
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1 Women's access to microfinance an
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all household members, especially i
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family well-being are often higher
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“[b]y plugging the gap left by th
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As at 30 July 2011 the country's ba
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analysis will also be as much infor
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not about bemoaning the limited acc
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approach the MFIs, is that “it wi
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d) Indicators of the social and eco
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Illiteracy creates a situation of d
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Disabilities: Lessons from Zambia a
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Abbreviations and acronyms CBNRM Co
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(Murindagomo, 1990). Its main appro
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percentages to the gross domestic p
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some trees were not supposed to be
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formulation will ensure their total
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the commons'. The concept of commun
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esources in these government estate
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management in Botswana and Namibia:
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Introduction This article seeks to
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esearchers come to study with backg
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the land US$750.00. Mudzi laid the
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case the chief's court sought the t
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The chief's personality This influe
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process of reporting a case is too
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and implies that offenders should r
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Cases reported to Chief Chounda bet
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4 The role of Indigenous Knowledge
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enlarging the range of their choice
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this also served to promote food se
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Page 73 and 74: countries seriously questioned why
Page 75 and 76: especting their realities and prior
Page 77 and 78: competing knowledge systems, charac
Page 79 and 80: impressive in transforming poor peo
Page 81 and 82: must be recognised if it is to be i
Page 83 and 84: implications for sustainable conser
Page 85 and 86: Pretty, J. N. (1994) Alternative sy
Page 87 and 88: Introduction The United Nations Edu
Page 89 and 90: Science educators have failed in th
Page 91 and 92: education in this historical era th
Page 93 and 94: esult may be disastrous. The HIV an
Page 95 and 96: affairs and ultimately the adoption
Page 97 and 98: esources, increasing green house ef
Page 99 and 100: years, and yet it is less than 100
Page 101 and 102: Fuchs, S. (2000) A social theory of
Page 103 and 104: 6 Re-examining the role of NGOs in
Page 105 and 106: that NGOs are involved in when tryi
Page 107 and 108: to see the causes of conflict as go
Page 109 and 110: which the oil is located are disgru
Page 111 and 112: communities putting into question t
Page 113 and 114: The controversies surrounding NGOs'
Page 115 and 116: conflict ridden African states, whe
Page 117 and 118: in resolving conflict and peace bui
Page 119 and 120: Recommendations To work effectively
Page 121: Juma, M.K. (2008) Conflict Preventi
Page 125 and 126: Government or private agencies. Thi
Page 127 and 128: credit facilities, new farmers in Z
Page 129 and 130: control 49 percent in any business
Page 131 and 132: implementation of investment progra
Page 133 and 134: the ice-berg. Disadvantaged areas m
Page 135 and 136: eventual agreement on the implement
Page 137 and 138: they are simply recipients of polic
Page 139 and 140: the government embarks on a nationw
Page 141 and 142: farm ownership in the country. The
Page 143 and 144: 8 Community-driven conflict resolut
Page 145 and 146: approximately 800,000 Rwandans and
Page 147 and 148: their mediation skills.” The cell
Page 149 and 150: well as centre-periphery thesis whi
Page 151 and 152: justice In the post-genocide era, t
Page 153 and 154: marginalized and disenfranchised fr
Page 155 and 156: summarized and simplified versions
Page 157 and 158: In Rwanda for example, citizens cou
Page 159 and 160: Although the use of carrot and stic
Page 161 and 162: abunzi and the formal system beckon
Page 163 and 164: Kauzya, John-Mary. (2007) Political
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion All through the papers,
Page 167 and 168: About the editor Samuel Maruta is t
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