Beneficiaries are actors too.pdf - Southern Institute of Peace ...

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offence to the whole community and is punishable. The theory of unhu seems to incline heavily on the secularized natural law school that firmly believes that man has a certain conception of morality, which is intrinsic to him and his nature (Grotius, 1953). This intrinsic morality avails itself in the form of conscience and is made of basic principles which make the foundation of proper human action. According to this school, morality is determined by society's beliefs; in Zimbabwe, chiefs are the custodians of these beliefs and values. The Shona traditional chieftainship reconciles disputants using the concept of unhu as the basis of guiding principles from which to refer to. The key tenet of these principles is to bring equilibrium to the 'disequilibrated' relationships targeting permanent conflict transformation. Conflict involves a clash, confrontation, a contentious struggle, a collision course between two or more or a set of two or more antagonistic characters or forces. Drieberg (1934) observed that African law's objective is to maintain equilibrium, and the penalties of African law are directed not against infractions but to the restoration of this equilibrium. Methodology The design selected for this research is the traditional qualitative intervention design, as well as the construction of a grounded theory which allows for observation of traditional court sessions of two traditional chiefs in Chiweshe communal area. Pseudo names have been used for all people for ethical reasons because the research is based on true stories. Omer, Meier and Galinsky (2004) describe intervention research as a 'developmental research method'; it takes into account issues that are of importance to the target group and aims to promote an understanding of these issues. This research methodology is conducted in a field setting in which researchers and participants work together to assess interventions. The aim of intervention research is to create new policies by means of a process of problem analysis and dissemination (Walliman and Buckler, 2008). Grounded theory was selected because it is supported by gathering data from observation. This method recognizes that 45
esearchers come to study with background knowledge that influences their points of view towards the object of study. This means that this researcher was careful not to allow her previous knowledge to influence her findings. The researcher decided on observation as the primary method of data collection to assure that her previous knowledge would not bring biases to the conclusions that she would make. Other methods used complemented observation for triangulation purposes. The researcher followed some traditional court proceedings on two traditional chiefs to understand the process that chiefs use to reach at a legitimate verdict that fosters conflict transformation. Frequent visits by the researcher had strength in that she became part of the process and the chiefs and elders got used to her. Results Traditional court procedure A case is reported to the chief a week before the actual court day. Simple cases may be resolved at this preliminary stage. Cases that are complex are given a date of adjudication. The parties involved are informed of the court day and deliberate absence of either party is regarded as disrespect for the court and is punishable by a monetary fine or a goat. The first stage in the proceedings is to acknowledge the presence of the traditional chief and his advisors who are mainly kraal heads and senior members of the community like headsmen. The entry of the chief is acknowledged by a standing ovation and ululation. This is similar to the formal court system where authority and presence of a magistrate is acknowledged by rising upon entry of a magistrate, lawyer or judge. Showing respect to the chief and his advisors is tantamount to authenticating and validating their authority. The parties involved are then brought before the actual court session as they are introduced to the chief and his court (dare). The next step involves making a report of the case to the chief and the congregation so that the process of justice takes its course. Any complainant reporting a case to the chief is expected to pay a court fee of $20.00 or a goat. The complainant reports on the nature of the crime committed against him\her, the extent of 46
Page 1 and 2: Sustainable peace and development a
Page 3 and 4: Sustainable peace and development a
Page 5 and 6: Contents Introduction: The primacy
Page 7 and 8: its work on community, with special
Page 9 and 10: in Africa. The paper highlights the
Page 11 and 12: 1 Women's access to microfinance an
Page 13 and 14: all household members, especially i
Page 15 and 16: family well-being are often higher
Page 17 and 18: “[b]y plugging the gap left by th
Page 19 and 20: As at 30 July 2011 the country's ba
Page 21 and 22: analysis will also be as much infor
Page 23 and 24: not about bemoaning the limited acc
Page 25 and 26: approach the MFIs, is that “it wi
Page 27 and 28: d) Indicators of the social and eco
Page 29 and 30: Illiteracy creates a situation of d
Page 31 and 32: Disabilities: Lessons from Zambia a
Page 33 and 34: Abbreviations and acronyms CBNRM Co
Page 35 and 36: (Murindagomo, 1990). Its main appro
Page 37 and 38: percentages to the gross domestic p
Page 39 and 40: some trees were not supposed to be
Page 41 and 42: formulation will ensure their total
Page 43 and 44: the commons'. The concept of commun
Page 45 and 46: esources in these government estate
Page 47 and 48: management in Botswana and Namibia:
Page 49: Introduction This article seeks to
Page 53 and 54: the land US$750.00. Mudzi laid the
Page 55 and 56: case the chief's court sought the t
Page 57 and 58: The chief's personality This influe
Page 59 and 60: process of reporting a case is too
Page 61 and 62: and implies that offenders should r
Page 63 and 64: Cases reported to Chief Chounda bet
Page 65 and 66: 4 The role of Indigenous Knowledge
Page 67 and 68: enlarging the range of their choice
Page 69 and 70: this also served to promote food se
Page 71 and 72: development strategies in Africa sh
Page 73 and 74: countries seriously questioned why
Page 75 and 76: especting their realities and prior
Page 77 and 78: competing knowledge systems, charac
Page 79 and 80: impressive in transforming poor peo
Page 81 and 82: must be recognised if it is to be i
Page 83 and 84: implications for sustainable conser
Page 85 and 86: Pretty, J. N. (1994) Alternative sy
Page 87 and 88: Introduction The United Nations Edu
Page 89 and 90: Science educators have failed in th
Page 91 and 92: education in this historical era th
Page 93 and 94: esult may be disastrous. The HIV an
Page 95 and 96: affairs and ultimately the adoption
Page 97 and 98: esources, increasing green house ef
Page 99 and 100: years, and yet it is less than 100
Page 101 and 102:
Fuchs, S. (2000) A social theory of
Page 103 and 104:
6 Re-examining the role of NGOs in
Page 105 and 106:
that NGOs are involved in when tryi
Page 107 and 108:
to see the causes of conflict as go
Page 109 and 110:
which the oil is located are disgru
Page 111 and 112:
communities putting into question t
Page 113 and 114:
The controversies surrounding NGOs'
Page 115 and 116:
conflict ridden African states, whe
Page 117 and 118:
in resolving conflict and peace bui
Page 119 and 120:
Recommendations To work effectively
Page 121 and 122:
Juma, M.K. (2008) Conflict Preventi
Page 123 and 124:
Introduction The Zimbabwean land re
Page 125 and 126:
Government or private agencies. Thi
Page 127 and 128:
credit facilities, new farmers in Z
Page 129 and 130:
control 49 percent in any business
Page 131 and 132:
implementation of investment progra
Page 133 and 134:
the ice-berg. Disadvantaged areas m
Page 135 and 136:
eventual agreement on the implement
Page 137 and 138:
they are simply recipients of polic
Page 139 and 140:
the government embarks on a nationw
Page 141 and 142:
farm ownership in the country. The
Page 143 and 144:
8 Community-driven conflict resolut
Page 145 and 146:
approximately 800,000 Rwandans and
Page 147 and 148:
their mediation skills.” The cell
Page 149 and 150:
well as centre-periphery thesis whi
Page 151 and 152:
justice In the post-genocide era, t
Page 153 and 154:
marginalized and disenfranchised fr
Page 155 and 156:
summarized and simplified versions
Page 157 and 158:
In Rwanda for example, citizens cou
Page 159 and 160:
Although the use of carrot and stic
Page 161 and 162:
abunzi and the formal system beckon
Page 163 and 164:
Kauzya, John-Mary. (2007) Political
Page 165 and 166:
Conclusion All through the papers,
Page 167 and 168:
About the editor Samuel Maruta is t
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