Beneficiaries are actors too.pdf - Southern Institute of Peace ...

Recommendations

Info

the communities in full and in time (IIED report, 1994). Also political and administrative reasons have slowly moved CAMPFIRE from its original objectives (Murphree, 1997). Another reason for the failure of CAMPFIRE project is that it was highly funded at inception to levels where donor money became the oxygen for the project implementation; thus when the umbilical cord was inevitably severed the life of the project took a huge knock. Another major handicap of CAMPFIRE is that the law places the appropriate authority for wildlife in the hands of the Rural District Councils (RDCs), instead of host communities. This has resulted in CAMPFIRE being driven by the RDCs rather than host communities and thus most of the major decisions over CAMPFIRE are made at the RDC level instead of community level. Also the appropriate authority applies specifically to wildlife, but not to land. This has made CAMPFIRE to be seen as applying primarily to safari hunting and problem animal control (PAC). Photographic and cultural tourism is not generally perceived as belonging to CAMPFIRE. However in some communal lands, ecotourism and cultural tourism have a greater economic potential than safari hunting. Another major problem with CAMPFIRE in most Districts is that problem animal control (PAC) is perceived as a primary responsibility of the Safari operator contracted under CAMPFIRE. However in most cases Safari hunters do not respond swiftly when called for PAC resulting in extensive damages and losses of livestock and crops by communities. The reluctance by Safari hunters is mainly because PAC animals are usually not trophy animals and hence have no significant value. Benefits of natural resources management While natural resources management as a practice is fraught with a lot of challenges in terms of the appropriate and effective model of implementation, it however has several benefits that can be realised by government in general and host communities in particular. These benefits include but are not limited to: Financial or economic: Huge economic benefits can be realized from both consumptive and non-consumptive use of natural resources. Tourism industries which are largely anchored on natural resources, contribute significant 31
percentages to the gross domestic products (GDP) of a lot of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Protection of endangered flora and fauna species: Conservancies, protected areas and hunting concession areas provide protection to a lot of animal and plant species which would otherwise get extinct from overutilization. This includes species that are listed under the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of flora and fauna (CITES). Examples of such species include both the white and black rhino, the wild dog (Lycaon pictus) and the cheetah (Accynonix jubatus). Increase in biodiversity: Preservation of the ecosystem ensures that there is growth in the biodiversity and hence richness of the ecosystem. A well managed ecosystem supports a wide range of both animal and plant species. Ecological studies: Properly managed natural resources provided for scientific exploration into both plant and animal kingdom. This helps to understand both biological and ecological issues around the natural resources and thus contributing to the body of knowledge which is essential for both their perpetuation and protection. Critique of community-based natural resource management programmes An analysis of the formulation and implementation of CBRNM raises the following salient points which should be taken into consideration by future planners so as to produce models that can endure the test of inclusivity and active participation. Indigenous conservation knowledge One of the most common mistakes that are made by designers and implementers of conservation programmes is the unfounded assumption that host communities have no prior knowledge of conservation and natural resource management and hence they can only be recipients of externally derived knowledge. Nothing can be further from the truth than this. For the purpose of this paper the term host communities refers to communities who share immediate boundaries with wildlife concession areas. These are communities who pay social and economic costs of 32
Page 1 and 2: Sustainable peace and development a
Page 3 and 4: Sustainable peace and development a
Page 5 and 6: Contents Introduction: The primacy
Page 7 and 8: its work on community, with special
Page 9 and 10: in Africa. The paper highlights the
Page 11 and 12: 1 Women's access to microfinance an
Page 13 and 14: all household members, especially i
Page 15 and 16: family well-being are often higher
Page 17 and 18: “[b]y plugging the gap left by th
Page 19 and 20: As at 30 July 2011 the country's ba
Page 21 and 22: analysis will also be as much infor
Page 23 and 24: not about bemoaning the limited acc
Page 25 and 26: approach the MFIs, is that “it wi
Page 27 and 28: d) Indicators of the social and eco
Page 29 and 30: Illiteracy creates a situation of d
Page 31 and 32: Disabilities: Lessons from Zambia a
Page 33 and 34: Abbreviations and acronyms CBNRM Co
Page 35: (Murindagomo, 1990). Its main appro
Page 39 and 40: some trees were not supposed to be
Page 41 and 42: formulation will ensure their total
Page 43 and 44: the commons'. The concept of commun
Page 45 and 46: esources in these government estate
Page 47 and 48: management in Botswana and Namibia:
Page 49 and 50: Introduction This article seeks to
Page 51 and 52: esearchers come to study with backg
Page 53 and 54: the land US$750.00. Mudzi laid the
Page 55 and 56: case the chief's court sought the t
Page 57 and 58: The chief's personality This influe
Page 59 and 60: process of reporting a case is too
Page 61 and 62: and implies that offenders should r
Page 63 and 64: Cases reported to Chief Chounda bet
Page 65 and 66: 4 The role of Indigenous Knowledge
Page 67 and 68: enlarging the range of their choice
Page 69 and 70: this also served to promote food se
Page 71 and 72: development strategies in Africa sh
Page 73 and 74: countries seriously questioned why
Page 75 and 76: especting their realities and prior
Page 77 and 78: competing knowledge systems, charac
Page 79 and 80: impressive in transforming poor peo
Page 81 and 82: must be recognised if it is to be i
Page 83 and 84: implications for sustainable conser
Page 85 and 86: Pretty, J. N. (1994) Alternative sy
Page 87 and 88:
Introduction The United Nations Edu
Page 89 and 90:
Science educators have failed in th
Page 91 and 92:
education in this historical era th
Page 93 and 94:
esult may be disastrous. The HIV an
Page 95 and 96:
affairs and ultimately the adoption
Page 97 and 98:
esources, increasing green house ef
Page 99 and 100:
years, and yet it is less than 100
Page 101 and 102:
Fuchs, S. (2000) A social theory of
Page 103 and 104:
6 Re-examining the role of NGOs in
Page 105 and 106:
that NGOs are involved in when tryi
Page 107 and 108:
to see the causes of conflict as go
Page 109 and 110:
which the oil is located are disgru
Page 111 and 112:
communities putting into question t
Page 113 and 114:
The controversies surrounding NGOs'
Page 115 and 116:
conflict ridden African states, whe
Page 117 and 118:
in resolving conflict and peace bui
Page 119 and 120:
Recommendations To work effectively
Page 121 and 122:
Juma, M.K. (2008) Conflict Preventi
Page 123 and 124:
Introduction The Zimbabwean land re
Page 125 and 126:
Government or private agencies. Thi
Page 127 and 128:
credit facilities, new farmers in Z
Page 129 and 130:
control 49 percent in any business
Page 131 and 132:
implementation of investment progra
Page 133 and 134:
the ice-berg. Disadvantaged areas m
Page 135 and 136:
eventual agreement on the implement
Page 137 and 138:
they are simply recipients of polic
Page 139 and 140:
the government embarks on a nationw
Page 141 and 142:
farm ownership in the country. The
Page 143 and 144:
8 Community-driven conflict resolut
Page 145 and 146:
approximately 800,000 Rwandans and
Page 147 and 148:
their mediation skills.” The cell
Page 149 and 150:
well as centre-periphery thesis whi
Page 151 and 152:
justice In the post-genocide era, t
Page 153 and 154:
marginalized and disenfranchised fr
Page 155 and 156:
summarized and simplified versions
Page 157 and 158:
In Rwanda for example, citizens cou
Page 159 and 160:
Although the use of carrot and stic
Page 161 and 162:
abunzi and the formal system beckon
Page 163 and 164:
Kauzya, John-Mary. (2007) Political
Page 165 and 166:
Conclusion All through the papers,
Page 167 and 168:
About the editor Samuel Maruta is t
show all

Beneficiaries are actors too.pdf - Southern Institute of Peace ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?