Beneficiaries are actors too.pdf - Southern Institute of Peace ...

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existence of the project. An example is of the Tonga community who were moved from the Zambezi valley in the 1960s to make way for the creation of the Kariba Dam but are still fighting to get compensation from the government. Distribution of CAMPFIRE revenues in 1999 in the three most profitable districts (in US$) Organisational level Rural District Council District Binga a Guruve b Nyaminyami c 1999 income 301,580 489,872 772,731 Retained 103,368 349,114 470,429 Disbursed 198,212 140,758 302,302 % disbursed 65.7 28.7 39.1 Ward Average 9439 23,460 25,192 Range 3,082–30,826 0–56,160 0–55,918 No. of CAMPFIRE Wards Household 21 11 12 Average 10 58 59 Range 3–35 0–160 0–197 No. households (all wards) 19,669 5303 5720 Notes: a) The Binga RDC distributes some revenue to each ward, irrespective of whether they have exploitable wildlife populations or other natural attractions. b) In Guruve, only 11 out of 21 wards produced CAMPFIRE revenues during the period 1989–2001, and then not in every year. Payments to wards reflect their contributions to annual revenue generation. c) In Nyaminyami, 12 out of 16 wards are involved in CAMPFIRE, with payments reflecting their contributions to annual revenue generation. Source: adapted from Frost and Bond, 2007 Protected areas, ivory towers? While significant strides have been made towards ensuring that host communities derive benefits from natural resources within their localities through the CAMPFIRE programme, very little if any has been done to ensure that communities within the environs of protected areas benefit from the utilisation of natural 39
esources in these government estates. Protected areas refer to National Parks, conservancies and sanctuaries that are usually under the stewardship and protection of government. These protected areas usually cover vast tracts of land, sharing boundaries with communal areas. Hwange National Park is the 2 largest in Zimbabwe covering about 14651km inhabiting 105 mammal species, 19 herbivores and 8 large carnivores (Wikipedia accessed 09/08/2011). This park has an estimated elephant herd of about 30000. It is one of the major tourist attractions in the country. There are also a number of conservancies around the Hwange National Park all of which owe their existence to the presence of a wide range of wildlife and an expansive range of forest with huge biodiversity. There are also several communal areas on the peripheries of this park such as Gwayi, Lupote, Dete, Lukosi and Kamativi. These communities endure daily raids on their livestock by predators and annual crop losses to wildlife especially elephants. Sadly this is their only interface with this valuable but burdensome resource in their vicinity. While the park generates a lot of revenue from both consumptive and non-consumptive use of wildlife, none is channelled towards host communities who endure the social and economic burden of living adjacent to a protected area. Locals are expected to just marvel at the large volume of both national and international tourists that visit the park with nothing trickling into their pockets. Theirs should be just an aesthetic appreciation of nature and visual gratification from the resource with no monetary benefit despite the huge losses that they incur. Very little effort is also made to ensure that locals are employed in these vast estates turning them into ivory towers that are aloof and indifferent to their immediate neighbours. This is the situation obtaining in almost all the protected areas and conservancies across the country. Recommendations While some of the recommendations and suggestions are implicit within the body of this paper, the following points are flagged out for emphasis. 40
Page 1 and 2: Sustainable peace and development a
Page 3 and 4: Sustainable peace and development a
Page 5 and 6: Contents Introduction: The primacy
Page 7 and 8: its work on community, with special
Page 9 and 10: in Africa. The paper highlights the
Page 11 and 12: 1 Women's access to microfinance an
Page 13 and 14: all household members, especially i
Page 15 and 16: family well-being are often higher
Page 17 and 18: “[b]y plugging the gap left by th
Page 19 and 20: As at 30 July 2011 the country's ba
Page 21 and 22: analysis will also be as much infor
Page 23 and 24: not about bemoaning the limited acc
Page 25 and 26: approach the MFIs, is that “it wi
Page 27 and 28: d) Indicators of the social and eco
Page 29 and 30: Illiteracy creates a situation of d
Page 31 and 32: Disabilities: Lessons from Zambia a
Page 33 and 34: Abbreviations and acronyms CBNRM Co
Page 35 and 36: (Murindagomo, 1990). Its main appro
Page 37 and 38: percentages to the gross domestic p
Page 39 and 40: some trees were not supposed to be
Page 41 and 42: formulation will ensure their total
Page 43: the commons'. The concept of commun
Page 47 and 48: management in Botswana and Namibia:
Page 49 and 50: Introduction This article seeks to
Page 51 and 52: esearchers come to study with backg
Page 53 and 54: the land US$750.00. Mudzi laid the
Page 55 and 56: case the chief's court sought the t
Page 57 and 58: The chief's personality This influe
Page 59 and 60: process of reporting a case is too
Page 61 and 62: and implies that offenders should r
Page 63 and 64: Cases reported to Chief Chounda bet
Page 65 and 66: 4 The role of Indigenous Knowledge
Page 67 and 68: enlarging the range of their choice
Page 69 and 70: this also served to promote food se
Page 71 and 72: development strategies in Africa sh
Page 73 and 74: countries seriously questioned why
Page 75 and 76: especting their realities and prior
Page 77 and 78: competing knowledge systems, charac
Page 79 and 80: impressive in transforming poor peo
Page 81 and 82: must be recognised if it is to be i
Page 83 and 84: implications for sustainable conser
Page 85 and 86: Pretty, J. N. (1994) Alternative sy
Page 87 and 88: Introduction The United Nations Edu
Page 89 and 90: Science educators have failed in th
Page 91 and 92: education in this historical era th
Page 93 and 94: esult may be disastrous. The HIV an
Page 95 and 96:
affairs and ultimately the adoption
Page 97 and 98:
esources, increasing green house ef
Page 99 and 100:
years, and yet it is less than 100
Page 101 and 102:
Fuchs, S. (2000) A social theory of
Page 103 and 104:
6 Re-examining the role of NGOs in
Page 105 and 106:
that NGOs are involved in when tryi
Page 107 and 108:
to see the causes of conflict as go
Page 109 and 110:
which the oil is located are disgru
Page 111 and 112:
communities putting into question t
Page 113 and 114:
The controversies surrounding NGOs'
Page 115 and 116:
conflict ridden African states, whe
Page 117 and 118:
in resolving conflict and peace bui
Page 119 and 120:
Recommendations To work effectively
Page 121 and 122:
Juma, M.K. (2008) Conflict Preventi
Page 123 and 124:
Introduction The Zimbabwean land re
Page 125 and 126:
Government or private agencies. Thi
Page 127 and 128:
credit facilities, new farmers in Z
Page 129 and 130:
control 49 percent in any business
Page 131 and 132:
implementation of investment progra
Page 133 and 134:
the ice-berg. Disadvantaged areas m
Page 135 and 136:
eventual agreement on the implement
Page 137 and 138:
they are simply recipients of polic
Page 139 and 140:
the government embarks on a nationw
Page 141 and 142:
farm ownership in the country. The
Page 143 and 144:
8 Community-driven conflict resolut
Page 145 and 146:
approximately 800,000 Rwandans and
Page 147 and 148:
their mediation skills.” The cell
Page 149 and 150:
well as centre-periphery thesis whi
Page 151 and 152:
justice In the post-genocide era, t
Page 153 and 154:
marginalized and disenfranchised fr
Page 155 and 156:
summarized and simplified versions
Page 157 and 158:
In Rwanda for example, citizens cou
Page 159 and 160:
Although the use of carrot and stic
Page 161 and 162:
abunzi and the formal system beckon
Page 163 and 164:
Kauzya, John-Mary. (2007) Political
Page 165 and 166:
Conclusion All through the papers,
Page 167 and 168:
About the editor Samuel Maruta is t
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