Beneficiaries are actors too.pdf - Southern Institute of Peace ...

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government to protect the process from being criticised for not meeting international legal and human rights standards. Conclusion This analysis concludes that the abunzi have filled a void left by the formal court system by ensuring that local people have access to prompt and universal justice. Like the gacaca courts, abunzi brought justice to the grassroots level and enables community members to participate in the dispensation of justice both symbolically and practically. Although abunzi functions and jurisdiction are spelt out by law, the institution, process and rituals associated with abunzi is uniquely 'Rwandan' and has existed long before colonialism. Abunzi processes emphasise on mediation and conciliation, although the failure for disputants to cooperate with the mediators can be followed by adversarial processes and applications of punitive laws of the land. However, in its current form, the abunzi risks being one of those statemandated programs that addresses disputes at the superficial 'make-believe' level without effectively restoring broken relationships and trust. It would be interesting to analyse the long-term impact of the abunzi system on social relations and on ownership of the outcomes of the abunzi process. On the one hand, the abunzi can be perceived as a system that guarantees access to justice and which does not necessarily have to be purely mediation. On the other hand, the same system can be interpreted as a highly politicized institution of justice which curtails citizens' right to choose their vehicles of justice. The mixture of the adversarial approach and the conciliatory approach, coupled with the combination of culture and western justice are some of the inherent contractions within the abunzi. These contradictions also affect how it is perceived by parties and outcomes of abunzi processes. Not wanting to paint a dark picture of the contemporary traditional justice forums in Rwanda, it is important to acknowledge the potential of the abunzi system if it is delivered well. Despite being a state-backed mediation process, the abunzi system has become embedded in daily life in Rwanda and has the capacity to promote social rebuilding, bonding and negotiation of community. Ultimately, the synergy between the 155
abunzi and the formal system beckons of the possibilities that lie ahead when traditional institutions of conflict resolution are institutionalized, acknowledged by law yet de-politicised and left to operate independently. References Anderson, Benedict. (1991) Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso Boege, V. (2006) Traditional approaches to conflict transformation: potentials and limits. Berghof Centre for Constructive Conflict Management. Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. (2011) 'Transitional Justice, National Memory and History Teaching in Rwanda,' Paper presented at the 4th European Conference on African Studies (ECAS), Uppsala, Sweden, 15-18 June 2011. Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. (2008) Remembering after Violence. Conflict Transformation and Social Change in Uganda, Basingstoke: Palgrave Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. (2006) Remembering to Forget: Chosen Amnesia as a Strategy for Local Coexistence in Post-Genocide Rwanda Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute - Volume 76, Number 2, 2006, pp. 131-150 Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. (2006) “Dividing and Uniting. The Use of Citizenship Discourses in Conflict and Reconciliation in Rwanda,” Global Society, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp 101-113 Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. (2006) “Remembering to Forget. Chosen Amnesia as a Strategy for Local Coexistence in Post- Genocide Rwanda,” Africa, Vol. 76 No. 2, pp 1-21. Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. (2006) “In-Between War and Peace: Identities, Boundaries and Change after Violent Conflict,” Journal of International Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp 3-21 Doughty, Kristin C. (2011) “Contesting Community: Legalized Reconciliation Efforts in the Aftermath of Genocide in Rwanda,” (Publicly accessible Penn Dissertations. Paper 333. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/333 Gahamanyi. B.M. (2003) Rwanda: Building Constitutional Order in the Aftermath of Genocide. In. An-Na'im, A.A. (Ed). Human Rights Under African Constitutions: Realizing the Promise for Ourselves, ed pp.. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 156
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Sustainable peace and development a
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Sustainable peace and development a
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Contents Introduction: The primacy
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its work on community, with special
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in Africa. The paper highlights the
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1 Women's access to microfinance an
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all household members, especially i
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family well-being are often higher
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“[b]y plugging the gap left by th
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As at 30 July 2011 the country's ba
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analysis will also be as much infor
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not about bemoaning the limited acc
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approach the MFIs, is that “it wi
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d) Indicators of the social and eco
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Illiteracy creates a situation of d
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Disabilities: Lessons from Zambia a
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Abbreviations and acronyms CBNRM Co
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(Murindagomo, 1990). Its main appro
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percentages to the gross domestic p
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some trees were not supposed to be
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formulation will ensure their total
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the commons'. The concept of commun
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esources in these government estate
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management in Botswana and Namibia:
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Introduction This article seeks to
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esearchers come to study with backg
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the land US$750.00. Mudzi laid the
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case the chief's court sought the t
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The chief's personality This influe
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process of reporting a case is too
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and implies that offenders should r
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Cases reported to Chief Chounda bet
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4 The role of Indigenous Knowledge
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enlarging the range of their choice
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this also served to promote food se
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development strategies in Africa sh
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countries seriously questioned why
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especting their realities and prior
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competing knowledge systems, charac
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impressive in transforming poor peo
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must be recognised if it is to be i
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implications for sustainable conser
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Pretty, J. N. (1994) Alternative sy
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Introduction The United Nations Edu
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Science educators have failed in th
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education in this historical era th
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esult may be disastrous. The HIV an
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affairs and ultimately the adoption
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esources, increasing green house ef
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years, and yet it is less than 100
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Fuchs, S. (2000) A social theory of
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6 Re-examining the role of NGOs in
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that NGOs are involved in when tryi
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to see the causes of conflict as go
Page 109 and 110: which the oil is located are disgru
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Page 113 and 114: The controversies surrounding NGOs'
Page 115 and 116: conflict ridden African states, whe
Page 117 and 118: in resolving conflict and peace bui
Page 119 and 120: Recommendations To work effectively
Page 121 and 122: Juma, M.K. (2008) Conflict Preventi
Page 123 and 124: Introduction The Zimbabwean land re
Page 125 and 126: Government or private agencies. Thi
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Page 131 and 132: implementation of investment progra
Page 133 and 134: the ice-berg. Disadvantaged areas m
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Page 141 and 142: farm ownership in the country. The
Page 143 and 144: 8 Community-driven conflict resolut
Page 145 and 146: approximately 800,000 Rwandans and
Page 147 and 148: their mediation skills.” The cell
Page 149 and 150: well as centre-periphery thesis whi
Page 151 and 152: justice In the post-genocide era, t
Page 153 and 154: marginalized and disenfranchised fr
Page 155 and 156: summarized and simplified versions
Page 157 and 158: In Rwanda for example, citizens cou
Page 159: Although the use of carrot and stic
Page 163 and 164: Kauzya, John-Mary. (2007) Political
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion All through the papers,
Page 167 and 168: About the editor Samuel Maruta is t
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