A CHAIN OF KINGS - Books and Journals

More documents

Recommendations

Info

52 A chain of kings Tanruq Ballanga means ‘Spotted Horn’ or ‘Striped Horn’, a name which apparently derives from the appearance of the blade, but the meaning of Caruq Ballanga is not so easy to determine. Caruq is generally used in the phrase accaruq-caruq, which means to present a formal offering to ceremonially honour someone. The sword’s name could conceivably derive from carruq, which refers to a loud, piercing sound. Carruq Ballanga would thus translate as something like ‘Shrieking Horn’. 16 While MS 5 does contain this sentence about Tumassalangga Barayang, most texts (SBPK 77, VT 53, CM 148, and AL 151) omit these transitional phrases (anne anaqna Karaeng Bayu ri Tumanurunga Tumassalangga Barayanga naanakang). This point in the chronicle marks an important transition in the history of Makassarese chronicle composition. In terms of subject matter, the chronicle is about to narrate the reign of Tumapaqrisiq Kallonna, the first ruler about whom we learn a considerable amount. The chronicle is leaving the distant or mythic (though not necessarily false) past behind and relating the history of the rulers whose accomplishments, significance, character, and genealogical location are both well-remembered and immediately relevant to the Makassarese politics of status-rivalry during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Additionally, two serang (Arabic script) versions of the chronicle have major visual breaks at this point that indicate the end of one coherent narrative unit and the beginning of another. AL 151 begins to relate a very odd genealogy: ‘Tumanurung had a child Karapang ri Gowa. Karapang ri Gowa had a child Tumassalangga Barayang. Tumassalangga Barayang had a child Tunitakkalopi. Tunitakkalopi had two children. Impuang Loe Lembang. Impuang Loe Lembang. One was called Batara Gowa. His posthumous name was Tuniatabatubassi. He had a child Tuniatabanri. Tuniatabanri had a child Tuniawang ri Parallakkenna. One was called Karaeng Loe ri Sero.’ (Tumanurung anganakangi Karapang ri Gowa Karapang ri Gowa anganakangi Tumasalanga Barayang Tumasalanga Barayang anganakangi Tunitakkalopi Tunitakkalopi ruwai anaqna Impuang Loe Lembang Impuang Loe Lembang sitau nikana Batara Gowa areng matena nikana Tuniatabatubassi anganakangi Tuniatabanri Tuniatabanri anganakangi Tuniawang ri Parallakkenna sitau nikana Karaeng Loe ri Sero). The account promptly continues the chronicle in the middle of what in the published Wolhoff and Abdurrahim version is verse 138. It thus omits a substantial portion of the chronicle, knitting the resulting halves together awkwardly. AS 6 also contains this odd genealogy with only minor spelling differences, although it does replace the uncertain Tuniatabatubassi with the more expected Tuniatabanri. This genealogy is graphically presented as a distinct textual unit. However, after this is related the chronicle does not continue at all: the next two pages contain a genealogical chart. 17 This genealogical passage is a representative example of the kind of textual variation-omission, changing word-order, and adding new phrases ‒ often found in comparisons of extant chronicle manuscripts. In what reads like an extraneous reminder, CM 148 adds the additional phrase ‘Batara Gowa was siblings with Karaeng Loe ri Sero’ (Batara Goa sisariqbattangi Karaeng Loe ri Sero) before ‘his posthumous name was Tuniawang ri Parallekkanna’. MS 5 condenses the whole section, reading ‘Tunatangkaqlopi had a child Batara Gowa who was siblings with Karaeng Loe ri Sero. The posthumous name of Batara Gowa was Tuniawang ri Parallekkanna’ (Tunatangkalopi anganakangi Batara Gowa assisariqbattang Karaeng Loe ri Sero areng matena Batara Gowa nikanaya Tuniawang ri Parallakkenna for Tunatangkalopi rua anaqna sitau nikana Karaeng Loe ri Sero sitau nikana Batara Goa areng matena Tuniawang ri Parallakkena). SBPK 77 simply omits the phrase ‘his posthumous name was Tuniawang ri Parallekkanna’ (areng matena Tuniawang ri Parallakkena). VT 53 reverses the order in which the brothers are named, though it does not change the words. 18 BL 33v omits mention of upland Bontomanaiq, Tomboloq, and Mangasa. This is a rare case where CM 148 gives the correct reading. SBPK 77-8 also lists upland Bontomanaiq, Tomboloq, and Mangasa. VT 53 lists what it calls ‘lower’ Bontomanaiq along with Tomboloq and Mangasa. 19 Sometimes these two communities are referred to as ‘Moncolloe’ and ‘Paralloe’. 20 The phrase ‘Karaeng Loe ri Sero is not yet discussed’ (Karaeng Loe ri Sero taiapi nikana-kana)
III The Gowa chronicle 53 changed over time. While MS 5 largely agrees with BL 33v (Karaeng Loe ri Sero taiai nikana-kana), other versions become longer and more explicit. CM 148 reads ‘Karaeng Loe ri Sero is not yet discussed here, but in his proper place later’ (taiaapi niserokanai ri Karaeng Loeta ri Sero riempoannatompi sallang). This construction suggests a greater awareness about the intertextual relationship between the Gowa and Talloq chronicles than the version translated above, a growing consciousness that chroniclers worked and that chronicles existed within the context of other written works. Similarly, though not quite as explicitly, VT 53 reads ‘Karaeng Loe ri Sero we will not yet discuss here, but in his place later’ (Karaeng Loe ri Sero teaipi kikana-kana ri empoanatompi). SBPK 78 is nearly identical to this, reading ‘Karaeng Loe ri Sero is not yet discussed here, but in his place later’ (Karaeng Loe ri Sero taiapi nikana-kana ri empoana tongi). CM n7 interprets this phrase as a reference to the Talloq chronicle, but this is not a safe assumption. It reads more into ‘but in his proper place later’ than is warranted, particularly because ‒ as the other versions indicate ‒ this addition has strong implications about the relationship between the chronicles. Along with a similar passage later in the chronicle, Noorduyn (1991:455) used the Matthes version cited here as support for his position that the Gowa and Talloq chronicles can be considered a single work, since the text implies they were viewed as inseparable and mutually informing. I have argued that this reading overstates the degree of historical unanimity in Gowa and Talloq’s relationship at the expense of periods of significant tension and rivalry (Cummings 1999). This debate is an excellent example of the type of interpretive issues and problems that characterize textual analysis for those who study South Sulawesi. The best explanation may be that the two historiographically saw themselves as increasingly intertwined as time passed. We may validly wonder if part of this perception derives from hindsight after the Makassar War ended in 1669, or from the largely unrecoverable history of how the two chronicles were stored, re-copied, and handed down over many generations. 21 VT 53 contains a unique section that provides far more genealogical information than any other chronicle text, though whether it is accurate or not is impossible to determine. It reads, ‘Karaeng Botoroka had five sons: one named Karaeng Tomponga; one named Karaeng Maros; one more son, he was the grandfather of Karaeng Kotengang, named I Mangkasaraq; one more son was called Karaeng ri Untia (he was the grandfather of I Daeng Manggea); one daughter, she was married by I Daeng ri Tamacina and had a child Karaeng ri Balabaru.’ (Karaeng Botoroka lima anaqna buraqne sitau nikana Karaeng Tomponga sitau nikana Karaeng Marusuq sitau pole anaqna buraqne iami natoaang Karaeng Kotengang nikanaya I Mangkasaraq sitau pole buraqne nikana Karaenga ri Untia iami natoai I Daeng Manggea sitau baine anaqna iami nabaineang I Daeng ri Tamacina naanaqmo Karaenga ri Balabaru). 22 Makassarese adverbs indicating spatial orientation will at first puzzle readers familiar with the geography of South Sulawesi. In English, ‘up’ is associated with north and ‘down’ with south. These are arbitrary conventions. In Gowa, ‘up’ (naiq) generally corresponds to south and ‘down’ (naung) to north. See Liebner 2005 for a discussion of the complexity of these systems of spatial orientation. 23 The three phrases ending here that discuss Batara Gowa’s children are elaborated in much greater detail in other chronicle manuscripts. In the text here it is not obvious at first that Tumapaqrisiq Kallonna became ruler after the death of Tunijalloq ri Passukkiq. This is made explicit in the versions in VT, SBPK, and CM. The alternate texts for these terse passages are as follows. VT 54 reads ‘His child was Tunijalloq ri Passukkiq. This child was the sibling of [Barataua]. Tumammenang [ri Parallakkenna] died. Tunijalloq ri Passukkiq became ruler. Tunijalloq ri Passikkiq died. Karaeng Tumapaqrisiq Kallonna ruled.’ (anaqna Tunijalloq ri Passukkiq anne anaqna sariqbattanna Tumamenang matei Tunijalloqmo ri Passukkiq asossorangi magauq matei Tunijalloq ri Passikkiq Karaengamo Tumapaqrisiq Kallonna magauq). SBPK 79 reads ‘His child was Tunijalloq ri Passukkiq. The children of Batara Gowa were Tunijalloq ri Passukkiq and his sibling Karaeng Barataua. It was Batara Gowa who [then] had a child Karaeng Tumapaqrisiq Kallonna. Karaeng Tumapaqrisiq Kallonna ruled in Gowa. We
Page 1 and 2:
A CHAIN OF KINGS
Page 3 and 4:
BIBLIOTHECA INDONESICA published by
Page 5:
Contents Preface vii Abbreviations
Page 8 and 9:
viii Preface how chronicle writing
Page 11 and 12: chapter i Introduction This chapter
Page 13 and 14: I Introduction 3 in Borneo. Unlike
Page 15 and 16: I Introduction 5 The Gowa chronicle
Page 17 and 18: I Introduction 7 Punctuating this c
Page 19 and 20: I Introduction 9 tions of Europeans
Page 21 and 22: I Introduction 11 obscure the fact
Page 23 and 24: chapter ii The chronicle texts In b
Page 25 and 26: II The chronicle texts 15 Talloq ch
Page 27 and 28: II The chronicle texts 17 they are
Page 29 and 30: II The chronicle texts 19 come from
Page 31 and 32: II The chronicle texts 21 what is t
Page 33 and 34: II The chronicle texts 23 where the
Page 35 and 36: II The chronicle texts 25 With a gr
Page 37 and 38: II The chronicle texts 27 of the ch
Page 39 and 40: chapter iii The Gowa chronicle The
Page 41 and 42: III The Gowa chronicle 31 their fat
Page 43 and 44: III The Gowa chronicle 33 himself w
Page 45 and 46: III The Gowa chronicle 35 He conque
Page 47 and 48: III The Gowa chronicle 37 A child o
Page 49 and 50: III The Gowa chronicle 39 three gir
Page 51 and 52: III The Gowa chronicle 41 Makkoayan
Page 53 and 54: III The Gowa chronicle 43 Section 8
Page 55 and 56: III The Gowa chronicle 45 Cokko was
Page 57 and 58: III The Gowa chronicle 47 was I Ata
Page 59 and 60: III The Gowa chronicle 49 together
Page 61: III The Gowa chronicle 51 Not all c
Page 65 and 66: III The Gowa chronicle 55 36 BL 32v
Page 67 and 68: 62 A measurement equal to 20 katti,
Page 69 and 70: III The Gowa chronicle 59 Karaeng T
Page 71 and 72: III The Gowa chronicle 61 113 Thoug
Page 73 and 74: III The Gowa chronicle 63 represent
Page 75 and 76: Transliteration III The Gowa chroni
Page 77 and 78: III The Gowa chronicle 67 Karaenga
Page 79 and 80: III The Gowa chronicle 69 30r -laq-
Page 81 and 82: III The Gowa chronicle 71 na I Bias
Page 83 and 84: III The Gowa chronicle 73 latu ari
Page 85 and 86: III The Gowa chronicle 75 27v siaga
Page 87 and 88: III The Gowa chronicle 77 tugannaqy
Page 89 and 90: III The Gowa chronicle 79 Daeng Nia
Page 91: III The Gowa chronicle 81 namate Tu
Page 94 and 95: 84 A chain of kings of Campagaya. T
Page 96 and 97: 86 A chain of kings It was he who b
Page 98 and 99: 88 A chain of kings Except for Luwu
Page 100 and 101: 90 A chain of kings His royal name
Page 102 and 103: 92 A chain of kings name was I Daen
Page 104 and 105: 94 A chain of kings 21 The precise
Page 106 and 107: 96 A chain of kings nappapilajari r
Page 108 and 109: 98 A chain of kings Karaeng Pasiq m
Page 110 and 111: 100 A chain of kings rika tallappoq
Page 112 and 113:
102 A chain of kings Useng areng pa
Page 114 and 115:
104 A chain of kings ri Lempangang
Page 116 and 117:
106 Glossary karaeng a title grante
Page 118 and 119:
108
Page 120 and 121:
110 15 Tumamenang ri Papambatuna (s
Page 122 and 123:
112 Bibliography Bijdragen 1854 ‘
Page 124 and 125:
114 Bibliography Manguin, Pierre-Yv
Page 127 and 128:
Place names Aceh 7, 45 Agangjeqneq
Page 129 and 130:
Kawu 33 Kekelu 88 Koja Manawaraq 95
Page 131 and 132:
Bae Baine, Karaeng 90, 96 Baine, Ka
Page 133:
lontaraq beru 14-6 lontaraq bilang
show all

A CHAIN OF KINGS - Books and Journals

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?