boylistad

Recommendations

Info

� 1[6 � 1] � 3[�(6 � 3)] � 2[2 � 6] � 5 � 3(�3) � 2(�4) � 5 � 9 � 8 � �12 ⎪0 4 6⎪ ⎪4 6⎪ ⎪4 6⎪ b. D � ⎪2 0 5⎪�0� 2 �� 8�� ⎪4 � ⎪8 4 0⎪ 0⎪ ⎪0 5⎪ � 0 � 2[�(0 � 24)] � 8[(20 � 0)] � 0 � 2(24) � 8(20) � 48 � 160 � 208 APPENDIX C ⏐⏐⏐ 1205
1206 Appendix D COLOR CODING OF MOLDED TUBULAR CAPACITORS (PICOFARADS) Significant Decimal Tolerance Color Figure Multiplier �% Black 0 1 20 Brown 1 10 — Red 2 100 — Orange 3 1000 30 Yellow 4 10,000 40 Green 5 10 5 5 Blue 6 10 6 Violet 7 — — Gray 8 — — White 9 — 10 Note: Voltage rating is identified by a single-digit number for ratings up to 900 V and a two-digit number above 900 V. Two zeros follow the voltage figure. Tolerance Voltage significant figure 1st 2nd Multiplier 1st 2nd Capacitance significant figure (If required) FIG. D.1 in pF —
Page 2 and 3:
1 Introduction 1.1 THE ELECTRICAL/E
Page 4 and 5:
� S I mind that similar progressi
Page 6 and 7:
� S I denser, which we refer to t
Page 8 and 9:
� S I decades will probably conta
Page 10 and 11:
� S I TABLE 1.1 Comparison of the
Page 12 and 13:
� S I The second was originally d
Page 14 and 15:
� S I A quick method of determini
Page 16 and 17:
� S I revealing that the operatio
Page 18 and 19:
� S I 1 1 2300 � � 3.333E�1
Page 20 and 21:
� S I Since the power of ten will
Page 22 and 23:
� S I EXAMPLE 1.14 a. Determine t
Page 24 and 25:
� S I Initial Settings Format and
Page 26 and 27:
� S I c. Since the division will
Page 28 and 29:
� S I Three software packages wil
Page 30 and 31:
� S I SECTION 1.8 Conversion with
Page 32 and 33:
2 Current and Voltage 2.1 ATOMS AND
Page 34 and 35:
I e V CURRENT ⏐⏐⏐ 33 the dist
Page 36 and 37:
I e V The chemical activity of the
Page 38 and 39:
I e V erence plane. If the weight i
Page 40 and 41:
I e V 2.4 FIXED (dc) SUPPLIES The t
Page 42 and 43:
I e V FIG. 2.14 Maintenance-free 12
Page 44 and 45:
I e V batteries are relatively warm
Page 46 and 47:
I e V EXAMPLE 2.5 a. Determine the
Page 48 and 49:
I e V TABLE 2.1 Relative conductivi
Page 50 and 51:
I e V be accomplished is to open th
Page 52 and 53:
I e V (a) (c) Contact Sliding switc
Page 54 and 55:
I e V Control switch Meter leads (a
Page 56 and 57:
I e V tant to disconnect the charge
Page 58 and 59:
I e V GLOSSARY ⏐⏐⏐ 57 28. Fin
Page 60 and 61:
3 Resistance 3.1 INTRODUCTION The f
Page 62 and 63:
R G Note that the area of the condu
Page 64 and 65:
R G EXAMPLE 3.3 What is the resista
Page 66 and 67:
R G RESISTANCE: METRIC UNITS ⏐⏐
Page 68 and 69:
R G The conversion factor between r
Page 70 and 71:
R G Absolute zero -273.15°C Inferr
Page 72 and 73:
R G Since R 20 of Eq. (3.8) is the
Page 74 and 75:
R G result is a tremendous saving i
Page 76 and 77:
R G TYPES OF RESISTORS ⏐⏐⏐ 75
Page 78 and 79:
R G TYPES OF RESISTORS ⏐⏐⏐ 77
Page 80 and 81:
R G a 1% failure rate would reveal
Page 82 and 83:
R G gaps. Dropping to the 10% level
Page 84 and 85:
R G THERMISTORS ⏐⏐⏐ 83 Prelim
Page 86 and 87:
R G APPLICATIONS ⏐⏐⏐ 85 3.14
Page 88 and 89:
R G longer heating element in stand
Page 90 and 91:
R G cally this law relates voltage,
Page 92 and 93:
R G MATHCAD ⏐⏐⏐ 91 key at the
Page 94 and 95:
R G *13. What is the new resistance
Page 96:
R G SECTION 3.13 Varistors 58. a. R
Page 99 and 100:
98 ⏐⏐⏐ OHM’S LAW, POWER, AN
Page 101 and 102:
100 ⏐⏐⏐ OHM’S LAW, POWER, A
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 130 and 131:
5 Series Circuits 5.1 INTRODUCTION
Page 132 and 133:
S the same through series elements
Page 134 and 135:
S Solution: RT � R1 � R2 � R3
Page 136 and 137:
S type of element. In other words,
Page 138 and 139:
S c. V1 � IR1 � (2 A)(4 �)
Page 140 and 141:
S In the above discussion the curre
Page 142 and 143:
S Voltage Sources and Ground Except
Page 144 and 145:
S EXAMPLE 5.14 Find the voltage Vab
Page 146 and 147:
S EXAMPLE 5.19 Using the voltage di
Page 148 and 149:
S ∆V L 120 V 100 V 0 V L voltage
Page 150 and 151:
S EXAMPLE 5.24 Determine the voltag
Page 152 and 153:
S 5.11 APPLICATIONS Holiday Lights
Page 154 and 155:
S wiring, you will find that since
Page 156 and 157:
S and right-click on the mouse. A l
Page 158 and 159:
S FIG. 5.68 Applying Electronics Wo
Page 160 and 161:
S also be used to remind the progra
Page 162 and 163:
S 3. Find the applied voltage E nec
Page 164 and 165:
S 9. Determine the current I and th
Page 166 and 167:
S 40 V I + R 3 R 2 R 1 V 3 - 30 �
Page 168 and 169:
S *28. For the network of Fig. 5.97
Page 170 and 171:
6 Parallel Circuits 6.1 INTRODUCTIO
Page 172 and 173:
P rent level. In other words, as th
Page 174 and 175:
P EXAMPLE 6.4 a. Find the total res
Page 176 and 177:
P R T R 6 � R′ T � ��
Page 178 and 179:
P d. RT � 30 � � 30 � � 0
Page 180 and 181:
P 0.25 S � 0.1 S � 0.05 S � 0
Page 182 and 183:
P EXAMPLE 6.13 Determine the curren
Page 184 and 185:
P I2 � I4 � I5 12 A � I4 �
Page 186 and 187:
P For the particular case of two pa
Page 188 and 189:
P and (R 1 � R 2)I 1 � R 2I R 1
Page 190 and 191:
P A short circuit is a very low res
Page 192 and 193:
P must therefore be zero volts, as
Page 194 and 195:
P + E - A + - I s + - ensure a posi
Page 196 and 197:
P 12-gage fuse link Filter capacito
Page 198 and 199:
P car such as the lights, air condi
Page 200 and 201:
P careful, you can work with one li
Page 202 and 203:
P In particular, note that m (or M)
Page 204 and 205:
P This time, rather than using mete
Page 206 and 207:
P PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 205 *6. Determ
Page 208 and 209:
P 14. Using the information provide
Page 210 and 211:
P *21. Find the unknown quantities
Page 212 and 213:
P SECTION 6.8 Open and Short Circui
Page 214 and 215:
7 Series-Parallel Networks 7.1 SERI
Page 216 and 217:
S S P P For parallel resistors R 1
Page 218 and 219:
S S P P a I A E 16.8 V R 1 9 � R
Page 220 and 221:
S S P P I s R T E 24 V R 6 � R1
Page 222 and 223:
S S P P R 3 R 2 7 � 5 � I 3 R 4
Page 224 and 225:
S S P P E 72 V 72 V I5 ��
Page 226 and 227:
S S P P (6 �)I3 6 I6 ��
Page 228 and 229:
S S P P To demonstrate the validity
Page 230 and 231:
S S P P 7.5 POTENTIOMETER LOADING F
Page 232 and 233:
S S P P The Ammeter The maximum cur
Page 234 and 235:
S S P P ammeter or voltmeter becaus
Page 236 and 237:
S S P P 120 V + - VR1 R1 + - 1 �
Page 238 and 239:
S S P P would be created between th
Page 240 and 241:
S S P P Note also that the current
Page 242 and 243:
S S P P 7.9 COMPUTER ANALYSIS PSpic
Page 244 and 245:
Heading Preprocessor directive Defi
Page 246 and 247:
S S P P 3. For the network of Fig.
Page 248 and 249:
S S P P 10. For the network of Fig.
Page 250 and 251:
S S P P 17. For the configuration o
Page 252 and 253:
S S P P 26. For the ladder network
Page 254 and 255:
S S P P 34. Using a 50-mA, 1000-�
Page 256 and 257:
8 Methods of Analysis and Selected
Page 258 and 259:
N A current-source networks, it wil
Page 260 and 261:
N A excellent approximation to drop
Page 262 and 263:
N A EXAMPLE 8.7 Reduce the network
Page 264 and 265:
N A of series elements. Figure 8.20
Page 266 and 267:
N A appearing in Solution 1 in a ve
Page 268 and 269:
N A R 1 E 1 - + + - 4 � 15 V Appl
Page 270 and 271:
N A EXAMPLE 8.11 Consider the same
Page 272 and 273:
N A EXAMPLE 8.13 Find the branch cu
Page 274 and 275:
N A Node a is then used to relate t
Page 276 and 277:
N A 1. Assign a loop current to eac
Page 278 and 279:
N A EXAMPLE 8.18 Find the current t
Page 280 and 281:
N A The nodal analysis method is ap
Page 282 and 283:
N A or I � � � and V2� �
Page 284 and 285:
N A Step 3: Included in Fig. 8.49 f
Page 286 and 287:
N A I 3 V 1 I 1 R 3 10 � 6 A R1 4
Page 288 and 289:
N A EXAMPLE 8.23 Write the nodal eq
Page 290 and 291:
N A EXAMPLE 8.25 Using nodal analys
Page 292 and 293:
N A Solution: The nodal voltages ar
Page 294 and 295:
N A with the bottom of the determin
Page 296 and 297:
N A any unknown quantities if mesh
Page 298 and 299:
N A To obtain the relationships nec
Page 300 and 301:
N A Solution: RB RC (20 �)(10 �
Page 302 and 303:
N A 8.13 APPLICATIONS The Applicati
Page 304 and 305:
N A or outside forces such as light
Page 306 and 307:
N A Schematic with Nodal Voltages W
Page 308 and 309:
N A A photograph of the outside and
Page 310 and 311:
N A PROBLEMS SECTION 8.2 Current So
Page 312 and 313:
N A SECTION 8.4 Current Sources in
Page 314 and 315:
N A *16. For the transistor configu
Page 316 and 317:
N A SECTION 8.8 Mesh Analysis (Form
Page 318 and 319:
N A *37. Using the supernode approa
Page 320 and 321:
N A *49. Repeat Problem 48 for the
Page 322 and 323:
9 Network Theorems 9.1 INTRODUCTION
Page 324 and 325:
Th This final relationship between
Page 326 and 327:
Th The total current through the 4-
Page 328 and 329:
I Th R 1 6 mA R 3 Current divider r
Page 330 and 331:
Th E 1 12 V 6 � 4 V E 2 4 � (a)
Page 332 and 333:
Th R 1 3 � R 2 6 � a R Th b b (
Page 334 and 335:
Th R 1 R 1 6 � 6 � R 4 a 3 �
Page 336 and 337:
Th 6 � R 1 R 2 12 � b R3 a R4 3
Page 338 and 339:
Th Direct Measurement of E Th and R
Page 340 and 341:
Th Conclusion: 5. Draw the Norton e
Page 342 and 343:
Th NORTON’S THEOREM ⏐⏐⏐ 341
Page 344 and 345:
Th E Th I N R N FIG. 9.78 Defining
Page 346 and 347:
Th Note, in particular, that P L is
Page 348 and 349:
Th When R L � R Th, R L h% ��
Page 350 and 351:
Th EXAMPLE 9.14 A dc generator, bat
Page 352 and 353:
Th Note Fig. 9.91, where V1 � V3
Page 354 and 355:
Th that of E 1 and E 3. The total c
Page 356 and 357:
Th combination of elements that wil
Page 358 and 359:
Th RT � R1 � R2 � (R3 � R4)
Page 360 and 361:
Th are presented with a bundle of r
Page 362 and 363:
Th FIG. 9.116 Using PSpice to deter
Page 364 and 365:
Th FIG. 9.119 Using PSpice to deter
Page 366 and 367:
Th FIG. 9.121 Plot resulting from t
Page 368 and 369:
Th 2. Using superposition, find the
Page 370 and 371:
Th *8.Find the Thévenin equivalent
Page 372 and 373:
Th 21. For each network of Fig. 9.1
Page 374 and 375:
Th SECTION 9.8 Reciprocity Theorem
Page 376 and 377:
10 Capacitors 10.1 INTRODUCTION Thu
Page 378 and 379:
The attraction and repulsion betwee
Page 380 and 381:
w � Q, so the dielectric is also
Page 382 and 383:
d � o d d C = 5 µF A (a) C = 0.1
Page 384 and 385:
EXAMPLE 10.4 Find the maximum volta
Page 386 and 387:
Dipped phenolic coating Ceramic die
Page 388 and 389:
lower potential. This capacitor can
Page 390 and 391:
Type: Miniature Axial Electrolytic
Page 392 and 393:
The factor e �t/RC is an exponent
Page 394 and 395:
after five time constants of the ch
Page 396 and 397:
which employs the function e �x a
Page 398 and 399:
Solutions: a. Charging phase: vC
Page 400 and 401:
t2 � (R2 � R3)C � (1 k��3
Page 402 and 403:
a. Find the mathematical expression
Page 404 and 405:
and C t ��t loge�1 � �v
Page 406 and 407:
10.11 THÉVENIN EQUIVALENT: t � R
Page 408 and 409:
Solution: The network is redrawn in
Page 410 and 411:
�v 4 v 3 v2 0 v C (V) 1 t2 t3 �
Page 412 and 413:
and substituting for C T: 1/C 1 V 1
Page 414 and 415:
Solution: As previously discussed,
Page 416 and 417:
Flash Lamp The basic circuitry for
Page 418 and 419:
light in parallel with the capacito
Page 420 and 421:
Black (feed) Ground Black White Gro
Page 422 and 423:
sufficiently large to be considered
Page 424 and 425:
FIG. 10.77 Using PSpice to investig
Page 426 and 427:
Settings-AverageIC dialog box. Anal
Page 428 and 429:
16. Find the distance in millimeter
Page 430 and 431:
29. For the situation of Problem 25
Page 432 and 433:
*40. The capacitor of Fig. 10.100 i
Page 434 and 435:
*47. For the network of Fig. 10.107
Page 436 and 437:
11 Magnetic Circuits 11.1 INTRODUCT
Page 438 and 439:
Magnetic flux lines I Conductor FIG
Page 440 and 441:
EXAMPLE 11.1 For the core of Fig. 1
Page 442 and 443:
Substituting, we have (11.4) The ma
Page 444 and 445:
- H s - B max e Saturation B R d -
Page 446 and 447:
1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
Page 448 and 449:
above is evidenced by the fact that
Page 450 and 451:
An approach frequently employed in
Page 452 and 453:
and the magnetizing force is H (she
Page 454 and 455:
The flux density of the air gap in
Page 456 and 457:
� � 0 Hbelbe � Hbcdelbcde �
Page 458 and 459:
EXAMPLE 11.9 Find the magnetic flux
Page 460 and 461:
Speakers and Microphones Electromag
Page 462 and 463:
4,000,000,000,000 bits of informati
Page 464 and 465:
ingly enough one that perhaps will
Page 466 and 467:
Hall Effect Sensor The Hall effect
Page 468 and 469:
ciently close to establish contact
Page 470 and 471:
SECTION 11.8 Hysteresis 9. For the
Page 472 and 473:
*18. For the series-parallel magnet
Page 474 and 475:
12 Inductors 12.1 INTRODUCTION We h
Page 476 and 477:
Inductors are coils of various dime
Page 478 and 479:
(a) (d) (b) FIG. 12.10 Various type
Page 480 and 481:
ciated with the applied ac signal m
Page 482 and 483:
the voltage across the coil is not
Page 484 and 485:
y 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0
Page 486 and 487:
12.8 INITIAL VALUES This section wi
Page 488 and 489:
Let us now test the validity of the
Page 490 and 491:
The mathematical expression for the
Page 492 and 493:
v R1 R1 Defined polarity + vL - v L
Page 494 and 495:
iL � (1 � e �t/t ) t � �
Page 496 and 497:
12.12 INDUCTORS IN SERIES AND PARAL
Page 498 and 499:
Applying the current divider rule,
Page 500 and 501:
EXAMPLE 12.12 Find the energy store
Page 502 and 503:
+ Feed 120 V ac - Return ��
Page 504 and 505:
would need for 15 W, not to mention
Page 506 and 507:
will scatter to all sides of the mo
Page 508 and 509:
ing trace appears in the bottom of
Page 510 and 511:
FIG. 12.61 Using PSpice to determin
Page 512 and 513:
Parameters, use 0 s as the Start ti
Page 514 and 515:
*11. Find the waveform for the curr
Page 516 and 517:
*19. For the network of Fig. 12.76:
Page 518 and 519:
*29. The switch of Fig. 12.83 has b
Page 520:
37. Find the voltage V 1 and the cu
Page 523 and 524:
522 ⏐⏐⏐ SINUSOIDAL ALTERNATIN
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
Page 576 and 577:
14 The Basic Elements and Phasors 1
Page 578 and 579:
� RESPONSE OF BASIC R, L, AND C E
Page 580 and 581:
� The opposition established by a
Page 582 and 583:
� Therefore, RESPONSE OF BASIC R,
Page 584 and 585:
Page 586 and 587:
Page 588 and 589:
Page 590 and 591:
� is directly related to the stra
Page 592 and 593:
� applied. In general, therefore,
Page 594 and 595:
� θv the voltage or current. The
Page 596 and 597:
� EXAMPLE 14.11 Determine the ave
Page 598 and 599:
� any number not on the real axis
Page 600 and 601:
� Polar to Rectangular X � Z co
Page 602 and 603:
� Reciprocal The reciprocal of a
Page 604 and 605:
� - Multiplication To multiply tw
Page 606 and 607:
� Solutions: a. By Eq. (14.34), b
Page 608 and 609:
� often frustrating if one lost m
Page 610 and 611:
� CALCULATOR AND COMPUTER METHODS
Page 612 and 613:
� PHASORS ⏐⏐⏐ 611 is entere
Page 614 and 615:
� PHASORS ⏐⏐⏐ 613 6 A v 1 =
Page 616 and 617:
� PHASORS ⏐⏐⏐ 615 - 2 p 41.
Page 618 and 619:
� COMPUTER ANALYSIS ⏐⏐⏐ 617
Page 620 and 621:
Page 622 and 623:
Page 624 and 625:
Page 626 and 627:
� PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 625 *20. For
Page 628 and 629:
� PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 627 *47. a.
Page 630 and 631:
15 Series and Parallel ac Circuits
Page 632 and 633:
a c v � 100 sin qt ⇒ phasor for
Page 634 and 635:
a c v � 24 sin qt ⇒ phasor form
Page 636 and 637:
a c v � 15 sin qt ⇒ phasor nota
Page 638 and 639:
a c real and imaginary axes and fin
Page 640 and 641:
a c In rectangular form, and VR �
Page 642 and 643:
a c Time domain: In the time domain
Page 644 and 645:
a c or E � V R � V L � V C wh
Page 646 and 647:
a c (6�0)*(50�30)/((6�0)�(9
Page 648 and 649:
a c Therefore, E � �(1�3�.3
Page 650 and 651:
a c f � 1 kHz XC � � �15.92
Page 652 and 653:
a c f � 0 Hz XC � � ⇒ very
Page 654 and 655:
a c ohms and the short-circuit equi
Page 656 and 657:
a c elements by 90°, and leads the
Page 658 and 659:
a c EXAMPLE 15.12 For the network o
Page 660 and 661:
a c EXAMPLE 15.14 Find the admittan
Page 662 and 663:
a c I Admittance diagram: As shown
Page 664 and 665:
a c E Admittance diagram: As shown
Page 666 and 667:
a c Phasor notation: As shown in Fi
Page 668 and 669:
a c Using Eq. (15.32), we obtain G
Page 670 and 671:
a c on the total impedance at that
Page 672 and 673:
a c 90° 60° 45° 30° 0° θ T In
Page 674 and 675:
a c 0° -30° -45° -60° -90° θL
Page 676 and 677:
a c The total impedance at the freq
Page 678 and 679:
a c Solution: Rp � 8k� Xp (resu
Page 680 and 681:
a c I = 12 A ∠ 0° FIG. 15.95 Ser
Page 682 and 683:
a c + e - a + v R - R impedance. Th
Page 684 and 685:
a c Switched outlets Parallel outle
Page 686 and 687:
a c transfer of power (see Section
Page 688 and 689:
a c Consequently, the sound generat
Page 690 and 691:
a c V applied 170 80.24 V(volts) V
Page 692 and 693:
a c Run PSpice key. The result will
Page 694 and 695:
a c Electronics Workbench We will n
Page 696 and 697:
a c PROBLEMS SECTION 15.2 Impedance
Page 698 and 699:
a c 7. For the circuit of Fig. 15.1
Page 700 and 701:
a c + E = 20 V ∠ 70° - 20 � (a
Page 702 and 703:
a c SECTION 15.7 Admittance and Sus
Page 704 and 705:
a c 31. Repeat Problem 30 for the c
Page 706 and 707:
a c 41. For the network of Fig. 15.
Page 708:
a c GLOSSARY Admittance A measure o
Page 711 and 712:
710 ⏐⏐⏐ SERIES-PARALLEL ac NE
Page 713 and 714:
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
Page 719 and 720:
Page 721 and 722:
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Page 727 and 728:
Page 729 and 730:
Page 731 and 732:
Page 733 and 734:
Page 735 and 736:
Page 737 and 738:
Page 739 and 740:
Page 741 and 742:
Page 743 and 744:
Page 745 and 746:
744 ⏐⏐⏐ METHODS OF ANALYSIS A
Page 747 and 748:
Page 749 and 750:
Page 751 and 752:
Page 753 and 754:
Page 755 and 756:
Page 757 and 758:
Page 759 and 760:
Page 761 and 762:
Page 763 and 764:
Page 765 and 766:
Page 767 and 768:
Page 769 and 770:
Page 771 and 772:
Page 773 and 774:
Page 775 and 776:
Page 777 and 778:
Page 779 and 780:
Page 781 and 782:
Page 783 and 784:
Page 785 and 786:
Page 787 and 788:
Page 789 and 790:
Page 792 and 793:
18 Network Theorems (ac) 18.1 INTRO
Page 794 and 795:
Th Z 1 E 1- + Z 1 I s1 j 4 � Z1
Page 796 and 797:
Th EXAMPLE 18.4 For the network of
Page 798 and 799:
Th pendent sources. The solution ob
Page 800 and 801:
Th is the replacement of the term r
Page 802 and 803:
Th Z1 � R1 � j XL1 � 6 ��
Page 804 and 805:
Th will behave like the actual tran
Page 806 and 807:
Th obtained by applying a source of
Page 808 and 809:
Th Method 3: See Fig. 18.49. Eg Ig
Page 810 and 811:
Th or Eoc�1 � � � k1k2R2
Page 812 and 813:
Th Independent Sources The procedur
Page 814 and 815:
Th Solution: Steps 1 and 2 (Fig. 18
Page 816 and 817:
Th The Norton equivalent circuit ap
Page 818 and 819:
Th so Eg(1 � h) � Ig[R1 � (1
Page 820 and 821:
Th + E = 9 V ∠ 0° - Z1Z 2 (10
Page 822 and 823:
Th (8.54 V) 72.93 and Pmax � �
Page 824 and 825:
Th ��
Page 826 and 827:
Th For 100 W, Is � � Np �Ip
Page 828 and 829:
Th Redrawing the network as shown i
Page 830 and 831:
Th 0.5 -0.5 v s (volts) 0 T /2 T -T
Page 832 and 833:
Th culation of �32.74° of Exampl
Page 834 and 835:
Th FIG. 18.101 Using PSpice to dete
Page 836 and 837:
Th FIG. 18.104 The output file for
Page 838 and 839:
Th FIG. 18.107 Using PSpice to dete
Page 840 and 841:
Th *5. Using superposition, find th
Page 842 and 843:
Th PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 841 11. Find
Page 844 and 845:
Th PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 843 20. Find
Page 846 and 847:
Th PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 845 *40. Find
Page 848 and 849:
Th GLOSSARY ⏐⏐⏐ 847 49. Using
Page 850 and 851:
19 Power (ac) 19.1 INTRODUCTION The
Page 852 and 853:
P q s Power delivered to element by
Page 854 and 855:
P q s The reason for rating some el
Page 856 and 857:
P q s If the average power is zero,
Page 858 and 859:
P q s 2 V and QC � �� (VAR) (
Page 860 and 861:
P q s j I 2 X L = Q L I 2 X C = Q C
Page 862 and 863:
P q s Thus, PT 600 W Fp ��
Page 864 and 865:
P q s Motor: h � Pi � � �45
Page 866 and 867:
P q s + E = E ∠0° - I L Solving
Page 868 and 869:
P q s The equivalent parallel load
Page 870 and 871:
P q s As the name implies, power-fa
Page 872 and 873:
P q s duced, the eddy current loss
Page 874 and 875:
P q s The vast majority of generato
Page 876 and 877:
P q s 349.2 kW � 240 kW � 109.2
Page 878 and 879:
P q s Peak icon to the right of the
Page 880 and 881:
P q s small region below the axis i
Page 882 and 883:
P q s 6. For the circuit of Fig. 19
Page 884 and 885:
P q s *14. For the circuit of Fig.
Page 886:
P q s SECTION 19.10 Effective Resis
Page 889 and 890:
888 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE E s + - Sou
Page 891 and 892:
890 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Q L = I 2 X
Page 893 and 894:
892 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE R R( f ) 0
Page 895 and 896:
894 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE f < f s: ne
Page 897 and 898:
896 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Solving the
Page 899 and 900:
898 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE As Q s of t
Page 901 and 902:
900 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE b. Since Qs
Page 903 and 904:
902 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE I Z T Y T R
Page 905 and 906:
904 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE R l Z Tm Z
Page 907 and 908:
906 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Setting the
Page 909 and 910:
908 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Inductive R
Page 911 and 912:
910 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE For an idea
Page 913 and 914:
912 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE TABLE 20.1
Page 915 and 916:
914 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Example 20.
Page 917 and 918:
916 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE I e. Ql ≥
Page 919 and 920:
918 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Therefore,
Page 921 and 922:
920 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Volume Full
Page 923 and 924:
922 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE bandwidth
Page 925 and 926:
924 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE FIG. 20.43
Page 927 and 928:
926 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE cursor esta
Page 929 and 930:
928 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE FIG. 20.48
Page 931 and 932:
930 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE I 2 mA IL I
Page 933 and 934:
932 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE ZT I = 5 mA
Page 935 and 936:
934 ⏐⏐⏐ RESONANCE Z Tp GLOSSA
Page 937 and 938:
936 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS + e p -
Page 939 and 940:
938 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS L p = 20
Page 941 and 942:
940 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS revealin
Page 943 and 944:
942 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS Since th
Page 945 and 946:
944 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS Solution
Page 947 and 948:
946 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS Public a
Page 949 and 950:
948 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS + v x -
Page 951 and 952:
950 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS + V g -
Page 953 and 954:
952 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS + V g -
Page 955 and 956:
954 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS (a) (b)
Page 957 and 958:
956 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS polariti
Page 959 and 960:
958 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS Iron cor
Page 961 and 962:
960 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS Primary
Page 963 and 964:
962 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS Z i + E
Page 965 and 966:
964 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS Source +
Page 967 and 968:
966 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS ��
Page 969 and 970:
968 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS insertio
Page 971 and 972:
970 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS FIG. 21.
Page 973 and 974:
972 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS + Vg = 2
Page 975 and 976:
974 ⏐⏐⏐ TRANSFORMERS q = 1000
Page 978 and 979:
22 Polyphase Systems 22.1 INTRODUCT
Page 980 and 981:
0.866 E m(CN) 0.866 E m(BN) This is
Page 982 and 983:
E BC The length x is C B + - E CN E
Page 984 and 985:
B C E BC E CA (a) ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭ E
Page 986 and 987:
. EL � �3�Ef � (1.73)(120 V
Page 988 and 989:
E CA = 150 V ∠ v 3 b. Vf � EL.T
Page 990 and 991:
I Bb I AC 30° 120° It can be show
Page 992 and 993:
The phase voltages are Van � IanZ
Page 994 and 995:
Power Factor The power factor of th
Page 996 and 997:
Power Factor S T � 3S f � �3
Page 998 and 999:
A + EAN - or EAN � IfZline � Vf
Page 1000 and 1001:
methods of determining whether the
Page 1002 and 1003:
IBb � Ibc � Iab � 8.32 A �
Page 1004 and 1005:
or multiphase, result in a total lo
Page 1006 and 1007:
40,000 V �120° � 33,200 V �
Page 1008 and 1009:
7. For the system of Fig. 22.39, fi
Page 1010 and 1011:
C 14. Repeat Problem 13 if the phas
Page 1012 and 1013:
3-phase ∆-connected generator Pha
Page 1014 and 1015:
*43. The Y-Y system of Fig. 22.48 h
Page 1016:
GLOSSARY �-connected ac generator
Page 1019 and 1020:
1018 ⏐⏐⏐ DECIBELS, FILTERS, A
Page 1021 and 1022:
Page 1023 and 1024:
Page 1025 and 1026:
Page 1027 and 1028:
Page 1029 and 1030:
Page 1031 and 1032:
Page 1033 and 1034:
Page 1035 and 1036:
Page 1037 and 1038:
Page 1039 and 1040:
Page 1041 and 1042:
Page 1043 and 1044:
Page 1045 and 1046:
Page 1047 and 1048:
Page 1049 and 1050:
Page 1051 and 1052:
Page 1053 and 1054:
Page 1055 and 1056:
Page 1057 and 1058:
Page 1059 and 1060:
Page 1061 and 1062:
Page 1063 and 1064:
Page 1065 and 1066:
Page 1067 and 1068:
Page 1069 and 1070:
Page 1071 and 1072:
Page 1073 and 1074:
Page 1075 and 1076:
Page 1077 and 1078:
Page 1079 and 1080:
Page 1081 and 1082:
Page 1083 and 1084:
Page 1085 and 1086:
Page 1087 and 1088:
Page 1089 and 1090:
Page 1091 and 1092:
Page 1093 and 1094:
Page 1095 and 1096:
1094 ⏐⏐⏐ PULSE WAVEFORMS AND
Page 1097 and 1098:
Page 1099 and 1100:
Page 1101 and 1102:
Page 1103 and 1104:
Page 1105 and 1106:
Page 1107 and 1108:
Page 1109 and 1110:
Page 1111 and 1112:
Page 1113 and 1114:
Page 1115 and 1116:
Page 1117 and 1118:
Page 1119 and 1120:
Page 1121 and 1122:
Page 1124 and 1125:
25 Nonsinusoidal Circuits 25.1 INTR
Page 1126 and 1127:
NON Average Value: A 0 The dc term
Page 1128 and 1129:
NON f(t) � �f � t � � T 2
Page 1130 and 1131:
NON EXAMPLE 25.1 Determine which co
Page 1132 and 1133:
NON 1 sin qt i t 1 (i = 0) FIG. 25.
Page 1134 and 1135:
NON Vm 0 v 1 (a) and v � Vm�1
Page 1136 and 1137:
NON v(a) � V 0 � V m1 sin a �
Page 1138 and 1139:
NON EXAMPLE 25.7 The input to the c
Page 1140 and 1141:
NON ZT1 � 6 ��j 37.7 ��38
Page 1142 and 1143:
NON FIG. 25.28 Using PSpice to appl
Page 1144 and 1145:
NON you can change the range to 0 H
Page 1146 and 1147:
NON 9. Find the total average power
Page 1148:
NON 24. Given any nonsinusoidal fun
Page 1151 and 1152:
1150 ⏐⏐⏐ SYSTEM ANALYSIS: AN
Page 1153 and 1154:
1152 ⏐⏐⏐ SYSTEM ANALYSIS: AN
Page 1155 and 1156: 1154 ⏐⏐⏐ SYSTEM ANALYSIS: AN
Page 1193 and 1194: 1192 Appendixes APPENDIX A PSpice,
Page 1195 and 1196: 1194 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES A.3 Mathc
Page 1197 and 1198: 1196 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES To Conver
Page 1199 and 1200: 1198 Appendix C DETERMINANTS Determ
Page 1201 and 1202: 1200 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES 2 3 �3
Page 1203 and 1204: 1202 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES x � War
Page 1205: 1204 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES D Note th
Page 1209 and 1210: 1208 Appendix F MAGNETIC PARAMETER
Page 1211 and 1212: 1210 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES and the p
Page 1213 and 1214: 1212 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES 3. (a) 16
Page 1215 and 1216: 1214 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES (b) 50(1
Page 1217 and 1218: 1216 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES (f) 300 W
Page 1219 and 1220: 1218 ⏐⏐⏐ APPENDIXES 9. (a) E
show all

boylistad

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?