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168 ⏐⏐⏐ SERIES CIRCUITS S
12 V
GLOSSARY
8 �
FIG. 5.101
Problem 40.
Branch The portion of a circuit consisting of one or more
elements in series.
Circuit A combination of a number of elements joined at terminal
points providing at least one closed path through
which charge can flow.
Closed loop Any continuous connection of branches that
allows tracing of a path that leaves a point in one direction
and returns to that same point from another direction without
leaving the circuit.
Conventional current flow A defined direction for the flow
of charge in an electrical system that is opposite to that of
the motion of electrons.
Electron flow The flow of charge in an electrical system having
the same direction as the motion of electrons.
I
R L
P L
SECTION 5.12 Computer Analysis
PSpice or Electronics Workbench
36. Using schematics, determine the current I and the voltage
across each resistor for the network of Fig. 5.71(a).
37. Using schematics, determine the voltage Vab for the network
of Fig. 5.85(d).
Programming Language (C��, QBASIC, Pascal, etc.)
38. Write a program to determine the total resistance of any
number of resistors in series.
39. Write a program that will apply the voltage divider rule
to either resistor of a series circuit with a single source
and two series resistors.
40. Write a program to tabulate the current and power to the
resistor RL of the network of Fig. 5.101 for a range of
values for RL from 1 � to 20 �. Print out the value of RL that results in maximum power to RL. Internal resistance The inherent resistance found internal to
any source of energy.
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) The algebraic sum of the
potential rises and drops around a closed loop (or path) is
zero.
Series circuit A circuit configuration in which the elements
have only one point in common and each terminal is not
connected to a third, current-carrying element.
Voltage divider rule (VDR) A method by which a voltage in
a series circuit can be determined without first calculating
the current in the circuit.
Voltage regulation (VR) A value, given as a percent, that
provides an indication of the change in terminal voltage of
a supply with a change in load demand.