boylistad

262 ⏐⏐⏐ METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND SELECTED TOPICS (dc)
mastered, there is no linear dc network for which a solution cannot be
found. Keep in mind that networks with two isolated voltage sources
cannot be solved using the approach of Chapter 7. For additional evidence
of this fact, try solving for the unknown elements of Example 8.9
using the methods introduced in Chapter 7. The network of Fig. 8.21
can be solved using the source conversions described in the last section,
but the method to be described in this section has applications far
beyond the configuration of this network. The most direct introduction
to a method of this type is to list the series of steps required for its
application. There are four steps, as indicated below. Before continuing,
understand that this method will produce the current through each
branch of the network, the branch current. Once this is known, all other
quantities, such as voltage or power, can be determined.
1. Assign a distinct current of arbitrary direction to each branch of
the network.
2. Indicate the polarities for each resistor as determined by the
assumed current direction.
3. Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law around each closed, independent
loop of the network.
The best way to determine how many times Kirchhoff’s voltage law
will have to be applied is to determine the number of “windows” in the
network. The network of Example 8.9 has a definite similarity to the
two-window configuration of Fig. 8.19(a). The result is a need to apply
Kirchhoff’s voltage law twice. For networks with three windows, as
shown in Fig. 8.19(b), three applications of Kirchhoff’s voltage law are
required, and so on.
1 2 1 2 3 1 2
(a) (b)
(2 nodes)
2
1
2 – 1 = 1 eq.
FIG. 8.19
Determining the number of independent closed loops.
3 1
4. Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at the minimum number of nodes
that will include all the branch currents of the network.
The minimum number is one less than the number of independent
nodes of the network. For the purposes of this analysis, a node is a
junction of two or more branches, where a branch is any combination
(2 nodes)
2
1
2 – 1 = 1 eq.
(4 nodes)
2 3 4
1
4 – 1 = 3 eq.
FIG. 8.20
Determining the number of applications of Kirchhoff’s current law required.
2
(4 nodes)
3
1
4 – 1 = 3 eq.
4
2
3
N A