Effects of reduced plant height on breeding requirements and ...

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At all sites for both genotypes the 61.O cm" row spaeing was inferior to the more narrow ones for yield. There were no significant differences between the 1J.0 and 30.0 cn. widths at any site, although the serni_d$¡arf did show a trend toh,ards higher yÍelds at narrower row spacing under the adverse cond.itÍons at Carman. fn general, yiel_d improvements were brought about by increased nunbers <strong>of</strong> heads per unit area. fhis was accom_ panÍed by fewer kernels per head, and. where the compensa_ tion was not equal, a hígher yield resulted. - Short coleoptiles have been associated wÍth decreased <strong>plant</strong> <strong>height</strong> in wheat and with a reduction in the ability and rate <strong>of</strong> emergence. fn the present.study a group <strong>of</strong> standard <strong>height</strong> and semi-dwarf barley genotl4)es, chosen to represent a wide range <strong>of</strong> yield levels, were checked for coleoptile J.ength. lhe results <strong>of</strong> this experinent indicated that the talf barleys had longer coleoptÍles than the short statured. ones. îhe evidence gathered suggested that the shorter coleoptiles <strong>of</strong> the semi-dwarfs may hâve been the resurt <strong>of</strong> theÍr smar.l kernel size. For the genotypes studied the short coÌeoptiles <strong>of</strong> the semi.-dwarfs did not affect thei.r enrergenee rate. 240
Concern has been expressed by dryland area breeders about the size and extent <strong>of</strong> the root systems <strong>of</strong> the semi- dwarfs in wheat artd barley. Àn attempt was maale to compare the root systems <strong>of</strong> several semi_dwarf and ta1l genotypes. The semi-dwarfs studied appeared to have smaLler and slovrer growing root systems than the tall genotypes. This again rnay be related to the assoeiation <strong>of</strong> <strong>plant</strong> <strong>height</strong> wlth kernel slze parameters. fhe root systems <strong>of</strong> the semi-dwarfs also stopped growing sooner than the tall"s. This rnay have been affected by restrictions ímposed by pot size. lhe semi-dwarf wheats do not have ability equivalent to the tall_ types to energe from deep <strong>plant</strong>ings. preLiminary research was carried out to compare these <strong>plant</strong> <strong>height</strong> types in barley for this ability, No dífferences existed between the tall and seni_dwarf genotypes studied for emergence abiì-ity or rate. All genotypes emerged well from t:ne Z.Jl+o 5.08, and ?,62 em, depths. All emerged equally poorly fro¡n the 10.16 cm, depth. 247
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University of Mani
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ACKNOWI,EDGMENTS It has been a grea
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ÎABI,E OF TONTENTS av írÞâ dô
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Þâ o-â r Days to l'{aturity ....
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vaal ËÞe rro Days to Heading . ".
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SUGGÊSTIONSFORFIIIURSRESEÀRCH ,.,
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11. Nitrogen Fertil-izer Applicatio
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TABT-,8 42, 43, I+4, r+5. 46. 48. 4
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74. 75" ?6, 77, 78,. 79, 80. 81" 82
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xvii i occurred for yield, but the
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I]TERATURE REVIEW Semi-dwarf Growth
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In the United States the barley bre
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Tabl-e 1. Broad Sense Ileritability
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Table 2. Broad Sense Heritability E
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wíth yield. fhis group discussed t
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ship in common wheat. 0n the other
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c onpared 'r . Two other important
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eported a non-significant positive
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majority of studie
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correfation between diastatic power
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extent. Frey et al-. (1951) indicat
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seni-dwarf wheats to nitrogen ferti
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number of spíkes
Page 47 and 48:
Stanberry and Lowrey (L965) reporte
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Íright be of grea
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from varyíng seeding rates in barl
Page 53 and 54:
Reports on the effect of</s
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the effect of seed
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l,upton et 41. (7974) pointed out t
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Table 3. Pedigrees of</stro
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(4) 200 Kernel weight * record.ed i
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population, using individual line m
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Site Sanford 19?6 Clay Cawnan 19?6
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Orthogonal single degree of
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Experiment lV: _-.t0qlepptite lenet
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ferences between genotype s which w
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and plant
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Table 7. con¡tonêlts of</
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was significant" fhe only case in w
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(28 to 5B/"), as reported by nost o
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Table 8. Continued Range Lor{est Li
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the Highest Yielding l,ines within
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Phenot:'¡pic Corre-Lations Sinpl-e
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Table 10. (Cortínued) Châracteris
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did Syme (f972), Fonseca and patter
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significant negative correlation wi
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elãted negative association betwee
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Aglononie ChArae'qeri s! ic s Pl"an
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Table 12. N1Ërogen FertLlizer Àpp
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Teble 14. NltrogeÍ FertLlLzêr ApP
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Table 15. NíËrogen ¡'ertil,izer
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lable 16. Nltrogen Fertlllzer Appll
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freedom comparison indicated lqínn
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lab1e 19. Nftrogen trertÍlizer Áp
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Tâble 20, Nltrogei¡ FeltLltzêr A
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TabIe 22, Nltrogen Fertillzer Appli
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Table 23. Nitrogen Fertilizer Appl
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TabLe 25. Nltrogen Fefttlizef Appll
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itable 26. Nitrogen Fertfllzer Appl
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latlê 28. Nltrogen ¡'ertlllrer Ap
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Sanford â.nd Carnan, 1926, Since N
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Tabl-e 31 . Nítrogen Fertilizer Ap
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Îable33. Nítrogen Fertllizer Appl
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Table 34. Nitrogen Fertilfzer Appli
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îab1ê 36. NLtrogeî Fertl,LLzer A
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Table 38. Nitrogen Fertllizer Appli
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lab1e 39,. NLtrogen Fertllf¿er App
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Table 41. Nitïogen Iertillzer Appl
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Table 42. Nitrogen Fertllizer Appli
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'IabLe 44. Nítrogen ¡'ertilizer A
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Q UAT,TTY Cltq.RÀcTER rsrf ts Q ua
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lable 47. Nitrogen ¡'ertilLzer App
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Table 49. Nltrogen ferrlllzer AppLl
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îhe F x G i.nteraction at portage
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fable 52, Nltrogen Fertfllze¡ Appl
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'labLe 54- Seedlng Råte - Row Spac
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Table 55. Seeding Rate - Ror'7 Spac
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Table 57. Seeding Rate - Roúr Spac
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while the tall sho\^/ed virtually n
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Table 59. Seedlûg Rate - Row Spacl
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Table 60. Seedlng Rate - Row Spacin
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Table 61. Seedlng Rate - RotT Spaci
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Table 62, SeedLng Rate - Rorar Spac
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?áble 64. Seedlng Rare - Ror.r Spa
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Table 65. SeedÍng Rate - Row Spaci
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Table 67. Seedfng Rate - Row Spací
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Table 68. AN0VA for Coleoptile Leng
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'Iable 72. Means for Experíment IV
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Table 73. (Continued ) B Variables
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'IabLe 74' Ranks of</strong
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Table 76. cenotype Means for Root D
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fabTe ?6 Cid not indicate this diff
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Table 79. Ranks of
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Tabl"e 81. ANOVA for Number <strong
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the second v¡as not significant (f
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Table 85. Mean Numbers of</
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of two locations f
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have increased the precision <stron
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showed no environmental interaction
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yield testlng experiments. Furtherm
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could in part account for the poor
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signlficant, the correl_ations were
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height and the qua
Page 207 and 208: trial period. The area in which the
Page 209 and 210: any specific cross. However, they d
Page 211 and 212: as strong nor as consl-stent as is
Page 213 and 214: with several critical agronomic par
Page 215 and 216: maturity and days in post-anthesis
Page 217 and 218: significantry rerated to several ot
Page 219 and 220: icularly when nore optimum growing
Page 221 and 222: would be useful to know the rerativ
Page 223 and 224: Kernel Weight Added N had little ef
Page 225 and 226: much as the tall genotypes. Also th
Page 227 and 228: îhe effects of N
Page 229 and 230: with the overall results of
Page 231 and 232: Phenotypicaì.J_y novel gernplasm,
Page 233 and 234: drastícaIIy changed phenotype as t
Page 235 and 236: should not be recomnended for produ
Page 237 and 238: One of the problem
Page 239 and 240: The associatíon between root growt
Page 241 and 242: GENER¡.L DTSCUSS]ON Since desired
Page 243 and 244: inheríted" observation of<
Page 245 and 246: indicated by this study suggests th
Page 247 and 248: individual lines. It is generally c
Page 249 and 250: sístent suppLy of
Page 251 and 252: possibílity of ir
Page 253 and 254: Testing et one site for one year wa
Page 255 and 256: height genotJpes t
Page 257: ïn terms of the o
Page 261 and 262: ), +. ( 6, 7, Attempts should be ma
Page 263 and 264: Beech' D.F" and M.J.T, Norman. 196g
Page 265 and 266: Day, A.D, and R.K. Thonpson, 1970.
Page 267 and 268: Guitard, 4,4., J.A. Neûrnan, and p
Page 269 and 270: Konishi, T. L976. The nature and ch
Page 271 and 272: Pawlisch, P.E., and H.L. shandp. Lg
Page 273 and 274: Sisler, I^I.I^I, and p.J. Olsen. 19
Page 275 and 276: trIoodward, R.trI. 7956. The effect
Page 277 and 278: Appetrdr*' cenotvprc ìlêans fot j
Page 279 and 280: ^ppendlx conrlnue¿- Genotype Plán
Page 281 and 282: .9anul¡uor xlpuâd¡¡V ezro tzz ,
Page 283 and 284: ^pIe¡¡¿tx conrtnued. Solu It lß
Page 285: ¿\tÎen¿lr conÈtnu€d, .,¡ÃE
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