Effects of reduced plant height on breeding requirements and ...

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shíps from the National Research Council <strong>of</strong> Canada, the Brewing and Malting Barley Research Institute, \{innipeg and the University <strong>of</strong> Manitoba ls gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to ny typíst, Marian f.,oshack, whose speed, accuracy and wil"lingness to work anyt irne were much apprecíated. f al-so wish to acknowledge the assistance <strong>of</strong> my wife, LaureL, whose perseverance, patíence and help during the course <strong>of</strong> rny research, particularly during the writing <strong>of</strong> the manuscrtrpt, was <strong>of</strong> utmost lmportance. FinaLly I wish to dedicate this thesis to the memory <strong>of</strong> my father, Charles J. Rossnagel- <strong>of</strong> Plumas, Manltoba whose love for agriculture and particular i.nterest in crops instllled in me the deslre to continue my educatíon in my chosen flel-tl <strong>of</strong> trop Science and Agronomy. íii
ÎABI,E OF TONTENTS av írÞâ dô r, . Etrv ],IËIOFTÀBIjES ..... xi ABSÎRÀCÍ¡.¡.xvii INIRODUCfÏON . . . I,ITERATI.IRE REVIEìf Seni-dwarf Growth Habit .... Heritability and Selection . Correlations ¡ r r Response to Nitrogen FertÍlization o . Rou¡ Spac ing in Cereals . r . . Seeding Rate in Cereafs Ernergence, PJ-anting Depth and toleoptile length in Semi-dwarfs .... .... G o. Root System Size in Serni-dwarfs .... c...... }iIATERIATSANDMET¡{ODS .... ". ". 40 Experiment I: Components <strong>of</strong> Variance, Heritability Estimates and Phenotypic Corre lati-ons Experiment II: Nitrogen Fertilization <strong>of</strong> 1a11 and Semi-dwarfBarleys......... Experiment III: Row Spacíng and Seeding Rate Study....te.tooe.¡rrr 5 10 2I 29 32 37 38 40 45 49
Page 1 and 2: University of Mani
Page 3: ACKNOWI,EDGMENTS It has been a grea
Page 7 and 8: Þâ o-â r Days to l'{aturity ....
Page 9 and 10: vaal ËÞe rro Days to Heading . ".
Page 11 and 12: SUGGÊSTIONSFORFIIIURSRESEÀRCH ,.,
Page 13 and 14: 11. Nitrogen Fertil-izer Applicatio
Page 15 and 16: TABT-,8 42, 43, I+4, r+5. 46. 48. 4
Page 17 and 18: 74. 75" ?6, 77, 78,. 79, 80. 81" 82
Page 19 and 20: xvii i occurred for yield, but the
Page 21 and 22: I]TERATURE REVIEW Semi-dwarf Growth
Page 23 and 24: In the United States the barley bre
Page 25 and 26: Tabl-e 1. Broad Sense Ileritability
Page 27 and 28: Table 2. Broad Sense Heritability E
Page 29 and 30: wíth yield. fhis group discussed t
Page 31 and 32: ship in common wheat. 0n the other
Page 33 and 34: c onpared 'r . Two other important
Page 35 and 36: eported a non-significant positive
Page 37 and 38: majority of studie
Page 39 and 40: correfation between diastatic power
Page 41 and 42: extent. Frey et al-. (1951) indicat
Page 43 and 44: seni-dwarf wheats to nitrogen ferti
Page 45 and 46: number of spíkes
Page 47 and 48: Stanberry and Lowrey (L965) reporte
Page 49 and 50: Íright be of grea
Page 51 and 52: from varyíng seeding rates in barl
Page 53 and 54: Reports on the effect of</s
Page 55 and 56:
the effect of seed
Page 57 and 58:
l,upton et 41. (7974) pointed out t
Page 59 and 60:
Table 3. Pedigrees of</stro
Page 61 and 62:
(4) 200 Kernel weight * record.ed i
Page 63 and 64:
population, using individual line m
Page 65 and 66:
Site Sanford 19?6 Clay Cawnan 19?6
Page 67 and 68:
Orthogonal single degree of
Page 69 and 70:
Experiment lV: _-.t0qlepptite lenet
Page 71 and 72:
ferences between genotype s which w
Page 73 and 74:
and plant
Page 75 and 76:
Table 7. con¡tonêlts of</
Page 77 and 78:
was significant" fhe only case in w
Page 79 and 80:
(28 to 5B/"), as reported by nost o
Page 81 and 82:
Table 8. Continued Range Lor{est Li
Page 83 and 84:
the Highest Yielding l,ines within
Page 85 and 86:
Phenot:'¡pic Corre-Lations Sinpl-e
Page 87 and 88:
Table 10. (Cortínued) Châracteris
Page 89 and 90:
did Syme (f972), Fonseca and patter
Page 91 and 92:
significant negative correlation wi
Page 93 and 94:
elãted negative association betwee
Page 95 and 96:
Aglononie ChArae'qeri s! ic s Pl"an
Page 97 and 98:
Table 12. N1Ërogen FertLlizer Àpp
Page 99 and 100:
Teble 14. NltrogeÍ FertLlLzêr ApP
Page 101 and 102:
Table 15. NíËrogen ¡'ertil,izer
Page 103 and 104:
lable 16. Nltrogen Fertlllzer Appll
Page 105 and 106:
freedom comparison indicated lqínn
Page 107 and 108:
lab1e 19. Nftrogen trertÍlizer Áp
Page 109 and 110:
Tâble 20, Nltrogei¡ FeltLltzêr A
Page 111 and 112:
TabIe 22, Nltrogen Fertillzer Appli
Page 113 and 114:
Table 23. Nitrogen Fertilizer Appl
Page 115 and 116:
TabLe 25. Nltrogen Fefttlizef Appll
Page 117 and 118:
itable 26. Nitrogen Fertfllzer Appl
Page 119 and 120:
latlê 28. Nltrogen ¡'ertlllrer Ap
Page 121 and 122:
Sanford â.nd Carnan, 1926, Since N
Page 123 and 124:
Tabl-e 31 . Nítrogen Fertilizer Ap
Page 125 and 126:
Îable33. Nítrogen Fertllizer Appl
Page 127 and 128:
Table 34. Nitrogen Fertilfzer Appli
Page 129 and 130:
îab1ê 36. NLtrogeî Fertl,LLzer A
Page 131 and 132:
Table 38. Nitrogen Fertllizer Appli
Page 133 and 134:
lab1e 39,. NLtrogen Fertllf¿er App
Page 135 and 136:
Table 41. Nitïogen Iertillzer Appl
Page 137 and 138:
Table 42. Nitrogen Fertllizer Appli
Page 139 and 140:
'IabLe 44. Nítrogen ¡'ertilizer A
Page 141 and 142:
Q UAT,TTY Cltq.RÀcTER rsrf ts Q ua
Page 143 and 144:
lable 47. Nitrogen ¡'ertilLzer App
Page 145 and 146:
Table 49. Nltrogen ferrlllzer AppLl
Page 147 and 148:
îhe F x G i.nteraction at portage
Page 149 and 150:
fable 52, Nltrogen Fertfllze¡ Appl
Page 151 and 152:
'labLe 54- Seedlng Råte - Row Spac
Page 153 and 154:
Table 55. Seeding Rate - Ror'7 Spac
Page 155 and 156:
Table 57. Seeding Rate - Roúr Spac
Page 157 and 158:
while the tall sho\^/ed virtually n
Page 159 and 160:
Table 59. Seedlûg Rate - Row Spacl
Page 161 and 162:
Table 60. Seedlng Rate - Row Spacin
Page 163 and 164:
Table 61. Seedlng Rate - RotT Spaci
Page 165 and 166:
Table 62, SeedLng Rate - Rorar Spac
Page 167 and 168:
?áble 64. Seedlng Rare - Ror.r Spa
Page 169 and 170:
Table 65. SeedÍng Rate - Row Spaci
Page 171 and 172:
Table 67. Seedfng Rate - Row Spací
Page 173 and 174:
Table 68. AN0VA for Coleoptile Leng
Page 175 and 176:
'Iable 72. Means for Experíment IV
Page 177 and 178:
Table 73. (Continued ) B Variables
Page 179 and 180:
'IabLe 74' Ranks of</strong
Page 181 and 182:
Table 76. cenotype Means for Root D
Page 183 and 184:
fabTe ?6 Cid not indicate this diff
Page 185 and 186:
Table 79. Ranks of
Page 187 and 188:
Tabl"e 81. ANOVA for Number <strong
Page 189 and 190:
the second v¡as not significant (f
Page 191 and 192:
Table 85. Mean Numbers of</
Page 193 and 194:
of two locations f
Page 195 and 196:
have increased the precision <stron
Page 197 and 198:
showed no environmental interaction
Page 199 and 200:
yield testlng experiments. Furtherm
Page 201 and 202:
could in part account for the poor
Page 203 and 204:
signlficant, the correl_ations were
Page 205 and 206:
height and the qua
Page 207 and 208:
trial period. The area in which the
Page 209 and 210:
any specific cross. However, they d
Page 211 and 212:
as strong nor as consl-stent as is
Page 213 and 214:
with several critical agronomic par
Page 215 and 216:
maturity and days in post-anthesis
Page 217 and 218:
significantry rerated to several ot
Page 219 and 220:
icularly when nore optimum growing
Page 221 and 222:
would be useful to know the rerativ
Page 223 and 224:
Kernel Weight Added N had little ef
Page 225 and 226:
much as the tall genotypes. Also th
Page 227 and 228:
îhe effects of N
Page 229 and 230:
with the overall results of
Page 231 and 232:
Phenotypicaì.J_y novel gernplasm,
Page 233 and 234:
drastícaIIy changed phenotype as t
Page 235 and 236:
should not be recomnended for produ
Page 237 and 238:
One of the problem
Page 239 and 240:
The associatíon between root growt
Page 241 and 242:
GENER¡.L DTSCUSS]ON Since desired
Page 243 and 244:
inheríted" observation of<
Page 245 and 246:
indicated by this study suggests th
Page 247 and 248:
individual lines. It is generally c
Page 249 and 250:
sístent suppLy of
Page 251 and 252:
possibílity of ir
Page 253 and 254:
Testing et one site for one year wa
Page 255 and 256:
height genotJpes t
Page 257 and 258:
ïn terms of the o
Page 259 and 260:
Concern has been expressed by dryla
Page 261 and 262:
), +. ( 6, 7, Attempts should be ma
Page 263 and 264:
Beech' D.F" and M.J.T, Norman. 196g
Page 265 and 266:
Day, A.D, and R.K. Thonpson, 1970.
Page 267 and 268:
Guitard, 4,4., J.A. Neûrnan, and p
Page 269 and 270:
Konishi, T. L976. The nature and ch
Page 271 and 272:
Pawlisch, P.E., and H.L. shandp. Lg
Page 273 and 274:
Sisler, I^I.I^I, and p.J. Olsen. 19
Page 275 and 276:
trIoodward, R.trI. 7956. The effect
Page 277 and 278:
Appetrdr*' cenotvprc ìlêans fot j
Page 279 and 280:
^ppendlx conrlnue¿- Genotype Plán
Page 281 and 282:
.9anul¡uor xlpuâd¡¡V ezro tzz ,
Page 283 and 284:
^pIe¡¡¿tx conrtnued. Solu It lß
Page 285:
¿\tÎen¿lr conÈtnu€d, .,¡ÃE
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