Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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Chapter 4 Listing 4.3. Pseudo code for the calculation function of waveguide primitive. (time propagating primitive) Calculate() { If a new value has been placed on port 1 { Multiply the value at port 1 with the waveguide attenuation and the phase delay (eq. 2.9) to obtain the value ‘V2’ at port 2; } } Calculate the time delay dT of the signal within the waveguide; Find the port ‘C2’ that is connected to port 2; Find the primitive ‘P2’ that is the parent of this port; Tell the scheduler to put the value V2 into port C2 after expiration time delay dT; //The scheduler will call Calculate() of primitive P2 If a new value has been placed on port 2 { …………………… } 4.5.2.2 The execution engine Although the primitives perform all the important calculations the scheduler is critical to the flow of these calculations. The scheduler performs only three simple but very important tasks: • The initialization of the dataflow. One of the main strengths of the simulation method used by Aurora is that it only reacts to changes within the optical system that is being simulated. Each primitive can only call (directly or through the scheduler) the calculation functions of the primitives that are connected to it. A change in a signal on one of the ports of a primitive (followed by calling the calculate() function of that primitive) will therefore only ever affect the signals going through all the primitives that are directly or indirectly connected to this primitive. This makes the method highly efficient at simulating large components or even large optical networks where there may be many subsections that are not connected in any way. Because the simulation is change driven this also implies that a simulation can only start after an initial signal change is made on one of the nodes in the optical system that is being simulated. At the start of a simulation the execution engine therefore gives an initial change to designated nodes to initialize the flow of data. • Callback storage and execution. When the simulation is running the execution engine accepts the calls of all timed primitives and stores these calls in order in a list as shown in Figure 4.12. In this list all the calls are sorted by time. When the simulation time has progressed to a time that is equal to the call-time of these calls the engine 88
89 Simulation and analysis executes all the calls of equal time simultaneously and calls the calculation functions of the proper primitives. Primitive Callback request Calculate() Primitive Execution engine Call list t t+dT1 t+dT2 t+dTn tMax Figure 4.12. Diagram of the dataflow within the scheduler. A primitive asks the execution engine to place call in the call list. After a certain time has elapsed (equivalent to the propagation time of the light through the primitive) the execution engine places this call in the next primitive and calls its calculate() function. • Timekeeping. The primitives intentionally do not store the current time data but only notify the execution engine of the delay in the signal they cause. It is therefore up to the execution engine to calculate the actual execution time of the call from this delay. In addition to this task the current time is also continuously checked against a maximum execution time at which the simulation needs to end. For the same reason that the simulation requires an initial change to start the simulation process it is also, under certain circumstances, unable to stop by itself. Since each primitive calls (directly or indirectly) the calculation function of a primitive it is connected to, feedback loops can be created for certain components such as the micro-resonator in which initial signal changes can be forwarded infinitely. This is in a way an integral part of the simulation method as it allows the simulation of optical components that contain many feedback loops. As was mentioned in Chapter 4.2.1, however, the output values of a resonant system are usually stable after a certain time TMax. The execution engine therefore allows the simulation to end at that time (this has to be determined by the user). In Listing 4.4 a highly simplified version of the execution engine is given in pseudo code. The algorithms shown in this code consists of two functions. The first, AddCall() is used by the primitives to place a call into the call list. The second, Simulate() is the actual simulation algorithm. When a simulation is started all the primitives are first initialized. This initialization is important as the flow of signals within the simulation originates here through the use of source primitives. These primitives do not operate differently from the other primitives except that they already create a call (with time delay zero) in the call list when their initialization functions are executed. As can be seen in the core loop of the algorithm these first calls are crucial as the simulation would simply end without them.
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DENSELY INTEGRATED MICRORING- RESON
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DENSELY INTEGRATED MICRORING- RESON
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To my parents…
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esonators is limited by the spacing
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schakelaar “aan” is, dan is de
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3.6.2 Overlap loss reduction.......
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Chapter 1 Introduction The devices
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1.2 Broadband to the home 3 Introdu
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1.3 Bringing Fiber to the Home 5 In
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Figure 1.5. The technological scope
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9 Introduction these basic paramete
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Chapter 2 2.1 Introduction Integrat
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Chapter 2 light Icav2 in the cavity
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Chapter 2 ∆ = ⎛ β r − β g
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Chapter 2 2.3.3 Combined model The
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Chapter 2 FC 4µ 1µ 2 ⋅ χr = 2
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Chapter 2 P Through /P In (dB) 0 -1
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Chapter 2 The figure shows that it
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Chapter 2 In − jϕr1 2 Figure 2.1
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Chapter 2 differences between the f
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Chapter 2 M = ⋅ FSR = N ⋅ FSR F
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Chapter 2 the heat will therefore f
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Chapter 2 index. Although this can
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Chapter 2 resonators for instance h
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Page 78 and 79: Chapter 3 overlap losses are only 0
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 3 3.7 Component design cons
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 3 By maximizing the power t
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Page 86 and 87: Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction As was s
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 4 4.2.1 Transient response
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 4 Under the condition that
Page 92 and 93: Chapter 4 Figure 4.4. Screenshot of
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 4 The equations required to
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Page 98 and 99: Chapter 4 4.5.1 Architecture The Au
Page 100 and 101: Chapter 4 4.5.2 Simulation method A
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 4 Figure 4.9. A Primitive w
Page 106 and 107: Chapter 4 Listing 4.4. Pseudo code
Page 108 and 109: Chapter 4 simulated output spectra
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 4 Figure 4.21. The reflecto
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Page 114 and 115: Chapter 4 Figure 4.27a. OADM with r
Page 116 and 117: Chapter 4 will propagate through th
Page 118 and 119: Chapter 4 As demonstrated by these
Page 120 and 121: Chapter 4 What is more interesting
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 4 method it does allow time
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Page 126 and 127: Chapter 5 5.1 Introduction The mate
Page 128 and 129: Chapter 5 wafer is used (step 1). T
Page 130 and 131: Chapter 5 range of 0.9 to 1.1 µm.
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 5 The process flow with the
Page 134 and 135: Chapter 5 5.3.3 Mask layout The big
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Page 140 and 141: Chapter 5 5.4.2 Fabrication The fab
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Chapter 6 6.2.3 Chromium heater des
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Chapter 6 Therefore, even if the si
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Chapter 6 Next, the heater was heat
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Chapter 6 6.3 Characterization of s
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Chapter 6 polarization maintaining
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Chapter 6 the resonators in this gr
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Chapter 6 Although the fitted coupl
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Chapter 6 a cladding thickness of 3
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Chapter 6 6.4 A wavelength selectiv
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Chapter 6 A possible explanation fo
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Chapter 7 Densely integrated device
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Densely integrated devices for WDM-
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7.2.2 Spectral measurements Densely
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Power Densely integrated devices fo
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7.3.4 Characterization Densely inte
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Figure 7.31a. Eye pattern of the re
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Chapter 8 8.1 Introduction In most
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Chapter 8 amount of power will be d
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Chapter 8 Another problem that may
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Chapter 8 halves that are each comp
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Chapter 9 Discussion and Conclusion
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Appendix A. Mason’s rule Several
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Appendix B. Crosstalk Derivation Th
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List of Acronyms ADSL - Asymmetric
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List of Symbols Q - Quality Factor
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Bibliography [1] Dan Schiller, “E
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Regions,” IEEE Photonics Technolo
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[66] B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, J. V.
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[97] H. Haeiwa, T. Naganawa and Y.
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[135] A. Driessen, D. H. Geuzebroek
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[165] T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A
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Publication List Patents (pending)
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R. Dekker, L.T.H.Hilderink, M.B.J.
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Networks (BB Photonics),” Interna
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Dankwoord/Acknowledgements Zo, dit
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Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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