Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

Contents
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ I
SAMENVATTING.............................................................................................................................. IV
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1
1.1 PREFACE.........................................................................................................................................2
1.2 BROADBAND TO THE HOME.............................................................................................................3
1.3 BRINGING FIBER TO THE HOME ......................................................................................................5
1.3.1 Passive optical networks........................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Ethernet Point to Point networks ...........................................................................................5
1.3.3 Wavelength Division Multiplexed PON .................................................................................6
1.4 PROJECTS........................................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 NAIS.......................................................................................................................................6
1.4.2 Broadband Photonics.............................................................................................................7
1.5 OUTLINE.........................................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 2 THE MICRO-RESONATOR.......................................................................................11
2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................12
2.2 OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................................12
2.2.1 Four port filter operation.....................................................................................................13
2.1.2 Transient resonator behavior...............................................................................................14
2.3 MICRORING RESONATOR MODEL ..................................................................................................15
2.3.1 Directional coupler model ...................................................................................................15
2.3.2 Ring waveguide model .........................................................................................................17
2.3.3 Combined model ..................................................................................................................18
2.4 SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF A SINGLE RESONATOR ............................................................................18
2.4.1 The drop response................................................................................................................19
2.4.2 The through response...........................................................................................................21
2.5 MR FILTER BANDWIDTH VERSUS REJECTION RATIO......................................................................22
2.6 MULTIPLE-RESONATOR FILTERS ...................................................................................................24
2.7 VERNIER OPERATION ....................................................................................................................29
2.8 RESONATOR TUNING.....................................................................................................................31
2.8.1 Wavelength tuning methods .................................................................................................31
2.8.2 Wavelength tuning range .....................................................................................................34
2.8.3 Filter shape tuning...............................................................................................................36
2.8.3.1 Changing the field coupling coefficients................................................................................ 36
2.8.3.2 Changing the resonator attenuation ...................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 3 DESIGN .........................................................................................................................39
3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................40
3.2 THE MICRO-RESONATOR USED IN TELECOM APPLICATIONS...........................................................41
3.2.1 Drop port on-resonance insertion loss.................................................................................42
3.2.2 Filter rejection ratio.............................................................................................................43
3.2.3 Filter bandwidth...................................................................................................................44
3.2.4 Channel Crosstalk................................................................................................................45
3.2.5 Through port insertion loss..................................................................................................46
3.2.6 Through port on-resonance residual power.........................................................................47
3.2.7 Design parameter summary.................................................................................................49
3.3 GEOMETRICAL DESIGN CHOICES ...................................................................................................50
3.3.1 Micro-resonator geometry ...................................................................................................50
3.3.2 Vertical or lateral coupling..................................................................................................51
3.4 MATERIAL SYSTEM.......................................................................................................................53
3.5 VERTICAL RESONATOR DESIGN.....................................................................................................55
3.5.1 Resonator design..................................................................................................................55
3.5.2 Resonator propagation losses..............................................................................................56
3.5.3 Determination of the coupling coefficients ..........................................................................57
3.6 LATERAL RESONATOR DESIGN ......................................................................................................59
3.6.1 Port waveguide and resonator design..................................................................................60
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