Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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Chapter 1 Multi-λ BM Tx Multi-λ BM Rx Multi-λ CW Tx The concept aims for up to 1024 users that can be connected to a single network topology. This topology consists of up to 4 routers (3 shown) each connecting up to 256 users to a ring network, which is used for redundancy. The ring network is connected to a head-end node through which signals are communicated across the network and from which the various routers can be controlled to implement load balancing and schemes such as multicasting. Key components to be developed within the Broadband photonics project are a reflective ONU and a multicasting router based on microring resonators. The multicasting router and a related component, a reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer (ROADM), both based on microring resonators are, amongst other devices, presented in this thesis. 1.5 Outline tuning WDM mux/demux { { λλ down, down, i i , , λλ up,j up,j CW} CW} { { λλ up,j up,j } } Multi-casting λ-router node 4 Multi-casting λ-router This thesis is structured as follows: • In Chapter 2, the principle of operation of the microring resonator, which is used in all of the optical components presented in this thesis, will be discussed. Also, the basic parameters that govern its operation are introduced and using these parameters the frequency-domain responses of single and second order microring resonator based filters will be derived. This chapter will also discuss some of the limitations that designs based on single (first order) resonators may face and offers several solutions based on the use of multiple resonators. In the final section of this chapter the various methods that can be used to tune various aspects of the resonator such as its resonance frequency, which is crucial in devices such as the OADM and the Router, or its filter shape are discussed. • In Chapter 3 the design of microring resonator based devices is discussed in general terms. Several performance parameters are introduced that can be used to translate the requirements of a certain application into specific values of the basic microring resonator parameters. The methodologies for transforming 8 node 1 WDM WDM BM Rx BM Tx refl. mod. node 2 BM Rx BM Tx refl. mod. Multi-casting λ-router bidir. EDFA ONU Figure 1.6. The Broadband Photonics network concept. 1 BM Rx 256 WDM BM Tx refl. mod. CWDM
9 Introduction these basic parameters into actual resonator designs are given for a laterally and a vertically coupled resonator. Apart from the design of the resonators some important issues related to overall device design, up to the prototype level, are also be discussed. • In Chapter 4 some of the tools that were created to aid in the design and characterization of microring resonator based devices are presented. In particular the analytical and numerical methods used to fit measured resonator responses are examined in detail. Aurora, a tool created to perform simulations on complex optical circuits containing resonators, is also discussed in this chapter. • In Chapter 5 the fabrication processes used to fabricate the various devices presented in this thesis are described in detail. Also the implications that a certain process has on the design of the masks used in that process are discussed. • In Chapter 6 a specific design for a basic resonator building block is given. This building block consists of a single thermally tunable resonator and was used as the fundamental unit (i.e. the same resonator design was used many times) in the OADM and Router discussed in Chapter 7. Some important aspects in the design of a resonator building block are illustrated using the wavelength response and thermal tuning measurements on a number of (steadily improving) resonator designs. Also presented are the wavelength selective switch and a Vernier filter based on two resonators. • In Chapter 7 the design and characterization of two different types of OADM, for use at 1310 nm or at 1550 nm, and a Router are discussed. For 1550 nm OADM system level measurements performed at 40 Gbit/s are also presented. • A major problem of microring resonator based devices is that it is often very difficult to make them polarization independent. Although this can by solved by introducing polarization diversity in the devices this doubles the number of resonators in the devices and creates a number of new problems. In Chapter 8 a method is described for creating a polarization diverse device that does not double the number of resonators and that also has several other advantages. • Finally, in Chapter 9, general conclusions based on the work presented in this thesis will be drawn.
Page 1 and 2: DENSELY INTEGRATED MICRORING- RESON
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Page 5: To my parents…
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Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction The devices
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Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 FC 4µ 1µ 2 ⋅ χr = 2
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Chapter 3 While the resonator in th
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Chapter 3 3.6.1 Port waveguide and
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Chapter 3 overlap losses are only 0
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Chapter 3 3.7 Component design cons
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Chapter 3 By maximizing the power t
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Chapter 3 important, due to the fac
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Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction As was s
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Chapter 4 4.2.1 Transient response
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Chapter 4 Under the condition that
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.4. Screenshot of
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Chapter 4 The equations required to
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Chapter 4 using an approach based o
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Chapter 4 4.5.1 Architecture The Au
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Chapter 4 4.5.2 Simulation method A
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.9. A Primitive w
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Chapter 4 Listing 4.3. Pseudo code
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Chapter 4 Listing 4.4. Pseudo code
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Chapter 4 simulated output spectra
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.21. The reflecto
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Chapter 4 P Drop /P In (dB) 0 -10 -
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.27a. OADM with r
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Chapter 4 will propagate through th
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Chapter 4 As demonstrated by these
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Chapter 4 What is more interesting
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Chapter 4 method it does allow time
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Chapter 4 complex than the interact
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Chapter 5 5.1 Introduction The mate
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Chapter 5 wafer is used (step 1). T
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Chapter 5 range of 0.9 to 1.1 µm.
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Chapter 5 The process flow with the
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Chapter 5 5.3.3 Mask layout The big
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Chapter 5 5.4. Fabrication and mask
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Chapter 5 1. Definition of the vert
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Chapter 5 5.4.2 Fabrication The fab
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.21. Process flow
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Chapter 5 removed using lift-off of
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Chapter 6 6.1 Introduction About ha
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Chapter 6 In early, comparatively s
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Chapter 6 that the TEOS has a very
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Chapter 6 The most important aspect
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Chapter 6 6.2.3 Chromium heater des
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Chapter 6 Therefore, even if the si
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Chapter 6 Next, the heater was heat
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Chapter 6 6.3 Characterization of s
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Chapter 6 polarization maintaining
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Chapter 6 the resonators in this gr
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Chapter 6 Although the fitted coupl
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Chapter 6 a cladding thickness of 3
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Chapter 6 6.4 A wavelength selectiv
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Chapter 6 A possible explanation fo
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Chapter 7 Densely integrated device
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Densely integrated devices for WDM-
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7.2.2 Spectral measurements Densely
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Power Densely integrated devices fo
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7.3.4 Characterization Densely inte
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Figure 7.31a. Eye pattern of the re
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Chapter 8 8.1 Introduction In most
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Chapter 8 amount of power will be d
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Chapter 8 Another problem that may
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Chapter 8 halves that are each comp
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Chapter 9 Discussion and Conclusion
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Appendix A. Mason’s rule Several
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Appendix B. Crosstalk Derivation Th
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List of Acronyms ADSL - Asymmetric
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List of Symbols Q - Quality Factor
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Bibliography [1] Dan Schiller, “E
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Regions,” IEEE Photonics Technolo
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[66] B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, J. V.
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[97] H. Haeiwa, T. Naganawa and Y.
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[135] A. Driessen, D. H. Geuzebroek
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[165] T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A
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Publication List Patents (pending)
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R. Dekker, L.T.H.Hilderink, M.B.J.
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Networks (BB Photonics),” Interna
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Dankwoord/Acknowledgements Zo, dit
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Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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