Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction As was shown in the previous chapter a large number of parameters has to be considered when designing a micro-resonator. For the calculation of these parameters several tools have been used: • The commercially available modesolver Selene [50], used to calculate the effective refractive indices and waveguide attenuations of straight waveguides and bends. • The AAMP CMT3D software [108-110] that was developed within the NAIS project to calculate the coupling coefficients of a micro-resonator. • The Micro-resonator Investigator (MRI) tool that visualizes most of the parameters discussed in the previous chapters and allows for real-time interaction with these parameters. The MRI tool was created as a visualization wrapper around most of the equations that describe the different aspects of the micro-resonator. Since these equations have already been discussed in depth in the previous chapters the focus of the discussion of this program in Paragraph 4.2 will be on the alterations that were made to Equations (2.17) and (2.25) to make them faster to compute. The algorithm used to obtain the transient resonances of the micro-resonator will also be addressed as this will help to explain the algorithms that will be discussed in Paragraph 4.5 for the high level Aurora simulation tool. In addition to the simulation tool MRI additional programs were written to analyze measurement results. These were: • The RFit tool, that uses a brute-fore method to fit measured micro-resonator responses. • DropZone, a tool that provides a fast analytical method for fitting the responses of resonators with symmetric coupling coefficients. The RFit tool builds upon the computational changes in MRI to speed up the bruteforce fitting of the micro-resonator responses and is briefly discussed in Paragraph 4.3. If it is assumed that a resonator is symmetrically coupled to its port waveguides and has negligible coupler losses then it is possible to calculate coupling coefficients as well as the cavity losses directly from the depth of the through and drop responses. The equations used for this have been implemented in the DropZone program and will be given in Paragraph 4.4. At an early stage during the NAIS project it was realized that, in order to quickly evaluate new designs, a specialized program for high level design would be nearly indispensable because of increasing device complexity. While the numerous basic devices simulated in the MRI tool can still be easily described in equations such as (2.17) and (2.25) this would be impossible to do for something as complex as the router. However, at that time there were no programs were available that could adequately perform these simulations. The decision was therefore made to create an entirely new program that would be specifically designed to deal with devices consisting of many resonators. This program, called Aurora, will be discussed section 4.5. 70
4.2 Micro-Resonator Investigator 71 Simulation and analysis The MRI tool, of which a screenshot is shown in Figure 4.1, offers quick interactive control of microring-resonator parameters such as the radius, loss and coupling coefficients for a number of simple microring resonator configurations. The simulations that can be performed are: • Transient drop port response of a single resonator. • Wavelength response for the through- and drop ports of a single resonator. • Bimodal response of a single resonator. This was used to study the effects of additional modes in the resonator. • Comparison between a non-tuned and a tuned (by ∆Neff) resonator. • Cascaded dual resonator response. The two resonators in cascade form the basis of the micro-resonator based switch discussed in a following chapter. The radius of the additional resonator can be set individually to allow exploration of Vernier filters. • Cascaded triple resonator response. Used to examine the effects of an additional resonator to the switch or Vernier configuration. • Second order through and drop response. This configuration can be used for improved filter performance over a single MR but also allows improvements when used as a Vernier filter or switch. • Third order through and drop response. In addition to this the program allows for the visualization of the parameters discussed in Chapter 3 as a function of the field coupling coefficients and the waveguide attenuation in the micro-resonator. Figure 4.1. MRI Screenshot showing the simulation of a first order resonator.
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DENSELY INTEGRATED MICRORING- RESON
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DENSELY INTEGRATED MICRORING- RESON
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esonators is limited by the spacing
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3.6.2 Overlap loss reduction.......
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Chapter 1 Introduction The devices
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1.2 Broadband to the home 3 Introdu
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1.3 Bringing Fiber to the Home 5 In
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Figure 1.5. The technological scope
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9 Introduction these basic paramete
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Chapter 2 2.1 Introduction Integrat
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Chapter 2 light Icav2 in the cavity
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Chapter 2 ∆ = ⎛ β r − β g
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Chapter 2 2.3.3 Combined model The
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Chapter 5 5.4. Fabrication and mask
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Chapter 5 1. Definition of the vert
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Chapter 5 5.4.2 Fabrication The fab
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.21. Process flow
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Chapter 5 removed using lift-off of
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Chapter 6 6.1 Introduction About ha
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Chapter 6 In early, comparatively s
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Chapter 6 that the TEOS has a very
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Chapter 6 The most important aspect
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Chapter 6 6.2.3 Chromium heater des
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Chapter 6 Therefore, even if the si
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Chapter 6 Next, the heater was heat
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Chapter 6 6.3 Characterization of s
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Chapter 6 polarization maintaining
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Chapter 6 the resonators in this gr
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Chapter 6 Although the fitted coupl
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Chapter 6 a cladding thickness of 3
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Chapter 6 6.4 A wavelength selectiv
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Chapter 6 A possible explanation fo
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Chapter 7 Densely integrated device
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Densely integrated devices for WDM-
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7.2.2 Spectral measurements Densely
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Power Densely integrated devices fo
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7.3.4 Characterization Densely inte
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Figure 7.31a. Eye pattern of the re
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Chapter 8 8.1 Introduction In most
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Chapter 8 amount of power will be d
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Chapter 8 Another problem that may
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Chapter 8 halves that are each comp
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Chapter 9 Discussion and Conclusion
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Appendix A. Mason’s rule Several
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Appendix B. Crosstalk Derivation Th
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List of Acronyms ADSL - Asymmetric
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List of Symbols Q - Quality Factor
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Bibliography [1] Dan Schiller, “E
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Regions,” IEEE Photonics Technolo
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[66] B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, J. V.
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[97] H. Haeiwa, T. Naganawa and Y.
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[135] A. Driessen, D. H. Geuzebroek
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[165] T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A
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Publication List Patents (pending)
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R. Dekker, L.T.H.Hilderink, M.B.J.
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Networks (BB Photonics),” Interna
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Dankwoord/Acknowledgements Zo, dit
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Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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