Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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Chapter 8 Another problem that may occur is when the device is intentionally used in an up- and downstream configuration. In a normal resonator, as shown in Figure 8.5, the up- and downstream signals circulate in opposite directions through the resonator, making interference between the signals impossible. However, in a polarization diverse resonator signals from one direction already circulate in two directions. Since the downstream signal will also circulate in both directions interference may therefore occur if these signals are coherent. It also needs to be noted that not all devices are equally suitable for implementation using the bi-directional diversity approach: some devices can be implemented very efficiently while the required functionality of other devices makes it impossible. The regular polarization diverse implementation of a 1xn multiplexer shown in Figure 8.6, for instance, can be implemented very efficiently using the bi-directional approach as shown in Figure 8.7. This is because in the de-multiplexer the signals only need to be dropped from a central bus waveguide. It is therefore possible to create an optical circuit in which the two polarizations (TE and the converted TM) can enter the resonator from opposing directions by adding the “loops” indicated in the figure. Figure. 8.6. A polarization independent 1xn de-multiplexer (left) and the regular polarization diverse alternative that uses unidirectional micro-resonators (right). Figure 8.7. Bi-directional polarization diverse implementation of a 1xn wavelength demultiplexer. 188
189 Polarization independent devices If signals also need to be added to the bus waveguide, however, as is the case for the 1xn optical add-drop multiplexer, the bi-directional use of the resonators is no longer possible. This is because it is impossible to create the add- and express through ports without opening the loops that were added in Figure 8.7 to create the bi-directional propagation through the resonators. The OADM therefore needs to be implemented as shown in Figure 8.8, using the unidirectional polarization diversity approach. Figure. 8.8. A polarization independent 1xn Add-Drop multiplexer (left) and the polarization diverse alternative that uses unidirectional micro-resonators (right). 8.4 Polarization diverse Router Fortunately the router is one of the components that can benefit significantly from bidirectional polarization diversity. Figure 8.9 shows the unidirectional polarization diversity implementation of a 1 ⋅ m ⋅ n router. The router consists of two identical Figure 8.9. Polarization diverse implementation of an 1 ⋅ m ⋅ n wavelength router that uses unidirectional micro-resonators.
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DENSELY INTEGRATED MICRORING- RESON
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DENSELY INTEGRATED MICRORING- RESON
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To my parents…
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esonators is limited by the spacing
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iv Samenvatting Dit proefschrift be
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schakelaar “aan” is, dan is de
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3.6.2 Overlap loss reduction.......
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Chapter 1 Introduction The devices
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1.2 Broadband to the home 3 Introdu
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1.3 Bringing Fiber to the Home 5 In
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Figure 1.5. The technological scope
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9 Introduction these basic paramete
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Chapter 2 2.1 Introduction Integrat
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Chapter 2 light Icav2 in the cavity
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Chapter 2 ∆ = ⎛ β r − β g
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Chapter 2 2.3.3 Combined model The
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Chapter 2 FC 4µ 1µ 2 ⋅ χr = 2
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Chapter 2 P Through /P In (dB) 0 -1
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Chapter 2 The figure shows that it
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Chapter 2 In − jϕr1 2 Figure 2.1
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Chapter 2 differences between the f
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Chapter 2 M = ⋅ FSR = N ⋅ FSR F
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Chapter 2 the heat will therefore f
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Chapter 2 index. Although this can
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Chapter 2 resonators for instance h
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Chapter 2 a rather complex MEMS bas
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Chapter 3 3.1 Introduction The most
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Chapter 3 3.2.1 Drop port on-resona
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Chapter 3 3.2.3 Filter bandwidth In
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Chapter 3 (resulting in a higher ba
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.11. Residual cha
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Chapter 3 3.3 Geometrical design ch
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Chapter 3 resonator and the port wa
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Chapter 3 Another important fact wh
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Chapter 3 The flowchart of the desi
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Chapter 3 While the resonator in th
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Chapter 3 3.6.1 Port waveguide and
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Chapter 3 overlap losses are only 0
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Chapter 3 3.7 Component design cons
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Chapter 3 By maximizing the power t
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Chapter 3 important, due to the fac
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Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction As was s
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Chapter 4 4.2.1 Transient response
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Chapter 4 Under the condition that
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.4. Screenshot of
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Chapter 4 The equations required to
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Chapter 4 using an approach based o
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Chapter 4 4.5.1 Architecture The Au
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Chapter 4 4.5.2 Simulation method A
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.9. A Primitive w
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Chapter 4 Listing 4.3. Pseudo code
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Chapter 4 Listing 4.4. Pseudo code
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Chapter 4 simulated output spectra
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.21. The reflecto
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Chapter 4 P Drop /P In (dB) 0 -10 -
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.27a. OADM with r
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Chapter 4 will propagate through th
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Chapter 4 As demonstrated by these
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Chapter 4 What is more interesting
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Chapter 4 method it does allow time
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Chapter 4 complex than the interact
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Chapter 5 5.1 Introduction The mate
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Chapter 5 wafer is used (step 1). T
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Chapter 5 range of 0.9 to 1.1 µm.
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Chapter 5 The process flow with the
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Chapter 5 5.3.3 Mask layout The big
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Chapter 5 5.4. Fabrication and mask
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Chapter 5 1. Definition of the vert
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Chapter 5 5.4.2 Fabrication The fab
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.21. Process flow
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Chapter 5 removed using lift-off of
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Chapter 6 6.1 Introduction About ha
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Chapter 6 In early, comparatively s
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Chapter 6 that the TEOS has a very
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Chapter 6 The most important aspect
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Page 162 and 163: Chapter 6 polarization maintaining
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Page 175 and 176: Chapter 7 Densely integrated device
Page 177 and 178: Densely integrated devices for WDM-
Page 183 and 184: 7.2.2 Spectral measurements Densely
Page 189 and 190: Power Densely integrated devices fo
Page 191 and 192: 7.3.4 Characterization Densely inte
Page 195 and 196: Figure 7.31a. Eye pattern of the re
Page 197: Densely integrated devices for WDM-
Page 200 and 201: Chapter 8 8.1 Introduction In most
Page 202 and 203: Chapter 8 amount of power will be d
Page 206 and 207: Chapter 8 halves that are each comp
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 9 Discussion and Conclusion
Page 211 and 212: Appendix A. Mason’s rule Several
Page 213 and 214: Appendix B. Crosstalk Derivation Th
Page 215 and 216: List of Acronyms ADSL - Asymmetric
Page 217 and 218: List of Symbols Q - Quality Factor
Page 219 and 220: Bibliography [1] Dan Schiller, “E
Page 221 and 222: Regions,” IEEE Photonics Technolo
Page 223 and 224: [66] B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, J. V.
Page 225 and 226: [97] H. Haeiwa, T. Naganawa and Y.
Page 227 and 228: [135] A. Driessen, D. H. Geuzebroek
Page 229 and 230: [165] T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A
Page 231 and 232: Publication List Patents (pending)
Page 233 and 234: R. Dekker, L.T.H.Hilderink, M.B.J.
Page 235 and 236: Networks (BB Photonics),” Interna
Page 237 and 238: Dankwoord/Acknowledgements Zo, dit
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Edwin Jan Klein - Universiteit Twente

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