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Nepal Hazard Risk Assessment
3.6.8 RECOMMENDATIONS
• The disease/ outbreak susceptibility maps (Figure 3.46 to Figure 3.51) are showing most vulnerable
districts in the country. This gives broader pictures of distribution of diseases / outbreaks in the
country. The disease / outbreak distribution can provide understanding about the causative factors for
such problems.
• The HMIS has comprehensively maintaining Health Management Information System. Comparing
to disease database, Outbreak database is very much limited within the system. At present, outbreak
data is only available for 5 years. It is recommended to restrength the system so that data is available
to the department and ministry for addressing the need for better health emergency situation.
• ARI and Diarrhea are most prevalent in west, farwest hills and mountain districts. Specially, the hill
and mountain regions are prone to hygiene and sanitation related diseases and outbreaks. These
regions are having acute shortage of water in winter and pre monsoon. This is reflected in shortage of
water for drinking and daily use purposes. So community is largely dependent on limited water
source which is largely used for cattle feed and daily utilities. The community uses polluted water for
drinking, which is the source of Hepatitis, Diarrhea and other water borne diseases. There is lack of
health infrastructure in these remote districts, leading to poor diagnosis and treatment mechanism. So
there is a need for providing necessary health infrastructure in these areas.
• Filariasis is mostly prevalent in far West and Central Terai districts. The reason for more cases are
due to climatic factors like temperature, humidity, precipitation, altitude, vegetation, landuse
landcover in these region. This gives conducive environment for nematode worms namely
Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori.
• Tropical diseases like Leprosy, TB, STI are reported across the country. Thus there is a need for
expediting the programs aiming to eradicate these diseases.
• Malaria is prevalent across all Terai and eastern districts. The reasons for more cases in identified
districts are due to their geo and topographical configuration. Terai region is having large density of
water bodies and rivers. The Terai region is almost flat and accumulates water in low lying areas.
These stagnated water in ponds and lakes with high humidity and temperature gives appropriate
environment for malaria vectors to grow.
• There is a linkage of disease and outbreaks to other socio-economic factors, climate and
meteorological factors, civil unrest and ongoing hydro meteorological disasters. The water and
vector borne diseases are also governed by drought and flood events it is recommended to integrate
various ongoing projects & program, so the causative factor for disease/outbreak are advanced
adequately and reduce the impact of disease and outbreak.
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