CROSS-BORDER SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND AGREEMENTS: An ...

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Transnational collective bargaining at company level – da Costa and Rehfeldt the EWCs or WWCs have been given an important role in monitoring the agreement, along with management. The IMF was not only the “inventor” of the world councils of the 1960s in the automobile sector, it also set up half the 60 councils created in the 1970s, and now figures prominently among the GUFs having recently signed the largest number of IFAs. The IMF signed its first IFA in 2002. Reynald Bourque has pointed out a specific element of the IFAs signed by the IMF: they are also co-signed by EWCs (Leoni, GEA, Rheinmetall) or by WWCs (Volkswagen, DaimlerChrysler, Renault, SKF) and, in some cases, by EMF representatives (Bourque, 2005). The negotiation of some of these agreements has even been delegated to the works councils. The councils are also in charge of the follow-up of some of the agreements. By comparison, the IFAs signed by other GUFs are mostly either signed by the GUF alone or co-signed by the national union organization of the headquarters of the MNE. Conclusions IFAs have been achieved thanks to a reinvigorated international union strategy supported by renewed union actors and structures, in which Europe has played an important role. Our European excursion has shown that the foundations of transnational collective bargaining may be found in Europe and are strongly related to the issue of workers’ representation, notably through EWCs and WWCs. There have since been important developments in both the form of transnational collective bargaining and the process of adoption of EFAs and IFAs. IFAs constitute the response of GUFs to the multiplication of codes of conduct on corporate social responsibility and the environment unilaterally set by a growing number of MNEs. IFAs make enterprises more responsible than unilateral and voluntary charters, particularly when they contain joint follow-up procedures. In 1996, the ICFTU produced, together with the ITSs, a “model code” containing a list of basic principles to be included in codes of conduct. They also subsequently made an explicit distinction between codes of conduct and framework agreements of international or European scope. Each GUF has now developed its own model IFA that is based, to a greater or lesser extent, on the initial ITUC agreement. The IMF model contains a follow-up procedure through a joint committee comprising equal numbers of management 61
Cross-border social dialogue and agreements and union representatives. It also provides for arbitration by the ILO or another party mutually agreed to, in the case of deadlock. The example of the automobile sector shows the importance of the multifaceted work of union coordination, from the national to the transnational level, that must take place for international solidarity to be cemented and for collective action to succeed. In Europe, union unity was fostered by the creation and evolution of the ETUC. The founding of the ITUC in 2006 will no doubt also facilitate and encourage international collective action, of which EFAs and IFAs represent but the tip of the iceberg. References Bartmann, M. 2005. “Facing tough decisions: The European Works Council at General Motors”, Mitbestimmung, English Edition, No. 8. Bartmann, M.; S. Blum-Geenen. 2006. “The Challenge of the solidarity pledge: Growing confrontation within General Motors Europe”, in Mitbestimmung, English Edition, 8. Bourque, R. 2005. Les accords cadres internationaux (ACI) et la négociation internationale à l’ère de la mondialisation, Discussion Paper Series No. 161 (International Institute for Labour Studies, Geneva). Caire, G. 1984. Les stratégies syndicales, in L’internationale du travail face à l’internationale du capital (Paris, Fédération d’Education Nationale, Les Cahiers de la FEN). da Costa, I. 1999. “Les systèmes de relations professionnelles au Canada et aux Etats- Unis: filiation et divergences”, in Travail et Emploi, Vol. 79, No. 2. da Costa, I.; U. Rehfeldt. 2006a. Syndicats et firmes américaines dans l’espace social européen: des comités d’entreprise européens aux comités mondiaux?, rapport pour le Commissariat Général du Plan, Noisy-le-Grand: Centre d’Etudes de l’Emploi. —. 2006b. “La négociation collective transnationale européenne chez Ford et General Motors”, in Connaissance de l’emploi, Centre d’Etudes de l’Emploi, No. 35, Oct. —. 2007. “European works councils and transnational bargaining about restructuring in the auto industry”, in Transfer: The European Review of Labour and Research, No. 2, pp. 231-6. European Metalworkers’ Federation (EMF). 2005. “EMF policy approach towards socially responsible company restructuring” (approved by the 100th EMF Executive Committee Luxembourg, 7-8 June). —. 2006. Handbook on how to deal with transnational company restructuring. Etty, T. 1978. “Gewerkschaftliche Weltkonzernausschüsse — ein Überblick”, in Werner Olle (ed.): Einführung in die internationale Gewerkschaftspolitik, t. 1, (Berlin, Olle & Wolter). 62
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CROSS-BORDER SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND AG
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Published by the International Inst
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Cross-border social dialogue and ag
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Contributors Dominique Bé, an econ
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Contributors Nathan Lillie is Assis
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Acronyms BWI Building and Wood Work
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Introduction Konstantinos Papadakis
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Introduction - Papadakis each with
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Introduction - Papadakis above. Thi
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Part 4 Varieties of dialogue and re
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Chapter 8 The ILO Maritime Labour C
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The ILO Maritime Labour Convention,
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Chapter 9 A report on the European
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A report on the European Commission
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Appendix
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