Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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A current definition <strong>of</strong> ECC, adopted by the American Academy <strong>of</strong> Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), is the presence <strong>of</strong> at least one primary tooth affected by caries in children under six years <strong>of</strong> age (< 72 months). 27,40 Others have classified ECC according to three specific presentations: isolated decay <strong>of</strong> primary incisors or molars, decay <strong>of</strong> primary incisors with or without molar decay, and decay exhibited throughout most <strong>of</strong> the primary dentition. 41 Whether these three patterns are discrete or represent sequential stages <strong>of</strong> a single disease process remains obscure. 1.1-3
Table 1.1-1 – Recent studies reporting the prevalence and severity <strong>of</strong> caries among Canadian preschool children (Modified from Schroth & M<strong>of</strong>fatt 2005) 20 (SEE COPYRIGHT) Study Region <strong>of</strong> Canada Population Age Prevalence <strong>of</strong> ECC* Mean deft ± S.D. (range) Schroth & Winnipeg, MB Community < 72 months 71% 3.7 ± 3.9 Cheba 2007 26 Dental Clinic Harrison et al Hartley Bay First Nation 3.7 ± 1.2 years 31% 9.9 ± 12.1 2006 19 (Gitga’at) First Nation, BC Schroth et al Northern First First Nation 2.9 ± 1.8 years 58.6% 4.5 ± 4.9 2005 12 Nation, MB (0-17) Thompson, MB Urban 2.8 ± 1.7 years 51.4% 4.3 ± 5.2 (0-17) Winnipeg, MB Urban 3.0 ± 1.7 years 43.3% 3.1 ± 4.4 (0-16) Roseau River First Nation First Nation, MB Schroth & Carman, MB Rural M<strong>of</strong>fatt 2005 20 Caucasian Schroth et al Garden Hill 2005 11 First Nation, MB Lawrence et al Souix Lookout 2004 17 Zone, ON 2.9 ± 1.8 years 56.5% 4.4 ± 5.2 (0-16) 3 year olds 44.3% 2.0 ± 3.3 First Nation 3-5 year olds 98% 13.7 ± 3.2. First Nation High Intervention Community 2 year olds 3 year olds 91.5% 85.2% 10.2† 10.2† 4 year olds 79.4% 10.0† Low Intervention Community 2 year olds 3 year olds 86.5% 90.5% 8.0† 12.2† Peressini et al District <strong>of</strong> 2004 16 Manitoulin, ON Harrison & Wong 2003 21 Vancouver, BC (1996 Followup) First Nation Urban Vietnamese Intervention Group 4 year olds 3 year olds 5 year olds 22.1 ± 5.0 months 88.1% 67% 78% 6.2% 10.9† 3.5 ± 4.0 4.8 ± 4.1 Control Group 22.7 ± 5.8 months 57.1% 1.1-4
Page 1 and 2: Influence
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Influence
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This longitudinal
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents
Page 9: Status and Non-<st
Page 13 and 14: Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
Page 15 and 16: The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
Page 17 and 18: If enamel hypoplasia results from n
Page 19 and 20: malocclusions. 145 Additional human
Page 21 and 22: Daily intakes of v
Page 23 and 24: 13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
Page 25 and 26: 40. Definition of
Page 27 and 28: 71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
Page 29 and 30: 97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
Page 31 and 32: 124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
Page 33 and 34: 151. Tinanoff N, D
Page 35 and 36: Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
Page 37 and 38: correspond to the timing of
Page 39 and 40: een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
Page 43 and 44: Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
Page 45 and 46: Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
Page 47 and 48: o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
Page 49 and 50: 12 months of life.
Page 51 and 52: Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
Page 53 and 54: devastating problem of</str
Page 55: 13. An epidemiological index <stron
Page 58 and 59: 54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
Page 60 and 61:
82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
Page 62 and 63:
Vitamin D may be d
Page 64 and 65:
have been used to prof</str
Page 66 and 67:
health’. In addition, articles we
Page 68 and 69:
36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
Page 70 and 71:
Recently, a cross-sectional study <
Page 72 and 73:
andomized, placebo-controlled study
Page 74 and 75:
Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
Page 76 and 77:
A study of Austral
Page 78 and 79:
Both dietary interventions and supp
Page 80 and 81:
incidence of carie
Page 82 and 83:
important nutrient. However, many <
Page 84 and 85:
caries, and more hardening
Page 86 and 87:
controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
Page 88 and 89:
A few years later, additional resea
Page 90 and 91:
Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
Page 92 and 93:
Description of Pop
Page 94 and 95:
Influence
Page 96 and 97:
D has an effect on the dentition, p
Page 98 and 99:
14. Utiger RD. The need for more vi
Page 100 and 101:
42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
Page 102 and 103:
67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
Page 104 and 105:
95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
Page 106 and 107:
121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
Page 108 and 109:
Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
Page 110 and 111:
Each participant also completed an
Page 112 and 113:
Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
Page 114 and 115:
Population The target population fo
Page 116 and 117:
allowed the project to suffer some
Page 118 and 119:
women of limited m
Page 120 and 121:
involving the surface of</s
Page 122 and 123:
and training cup. In addition, each
Page 124 and 125:
The questionnaire was administered
Page 126 and 127:
statistics including frequencies an
Page 128 and 129:
elationship between the two. Poisso
Page 130 and 131:
References 1. Combs GF. Vit
Page 132 and 133:
27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
Page 134 and 135:
Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
Page 136 and 137:
Question Number Valid % Do you take
Page 138 and 139:
Maternal Awareness
Page 140 and 141:
time of recruitmen
Page 142 and 143:
Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
Page 144 and 145:
A total of 77 care
Page 146 and 147:
indicated that they were receiving
Page 148 and 149:
and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
Page 150 and 151:
Caries rates for children in this p
Page 152 and 153:
Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
Page 154 and 155:
Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
Page 156 and 157:
II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
Page 158 and 159:
Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
Page 160 and 161:
The frequency of v
Page 162 and 163:
did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
Page 164 and 165:
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<str
Page 166 and 167:
likely to have vitamin D levels at
Page 168 and 169:
did not statistically differ from v
Page 170 and 171:
Figure 4.4 - Predicted number <stro
Page 172 and 173:
Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
Page 174 and 175:
frequently, and less likely to have
Page 176 and 177:
health as average or poor, and more
Page 178 and 179:
tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
Page 180 and 181:
The next series of
Page 182 and 183:
Results from the second model appea
Page 184 and 185:
Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
Page 186 and 187:
vitamin D. However, it did suggest
Page 188 and 189:
significant at the bivariate level
Page 190 and 191:
Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
Page 192 and 193:
III. Multivariate Regression Analys
Page 194 and 195:
Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
Page 202 and 203:
Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
Page 204 and 205:
Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
Page 206 and 207:
If enamel hypoplasia is present and
Page 208 and 209:
Since maternal calcium levels were
Page 210 and 211:
vitamin D deficiency, and rickets)
Page 212 and 213:
to obtain it. Health literacy may b
Page 214 and 215:
vitamin D from the diet as dietary
Page 216 and 217:
home environment can be determinant
Page 218 and 219:
hormone, calcium absorption and bon
Page 220 and 221:
important nutrient. For many, this
Page 222 and 223:
this potential relationship with ac
Page 224 and 225:
genetic conditions, childhood medic
Page 226 and 227:
vitamin D status including milk int
Page 228 and 229:
y cariogenic oral flora. 49 Since e
Page 230 and 231:
(49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
Page 232 and 233:
pregnancy, which may have influence
Page 234 and 235:
observed and it allowed multiple ou
Page 236 and 237:
scientific evidence linking prenata
Page 238 and 239:
cognizant that children who undergo
Page 240 and 241:
preventive program would need to be
Page 242 and 243:
makers in the formative stages. As
Page 244 and 245:
Surprisingly, the final regression
Page 246 and 247:
13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
Page 248 and 249:
38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
Page 250 and 251:
65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
Page 252 and 253:
91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
Page 254 and 255:
Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
Page 256 and 257:
This study provided an interesting
Page 258:
esiding in disadvantaged communitie
Page 271 and 272:
If you are taking vitamins during t
Page 273 and 274:
Do you Eat? Never Rarely (less than
Page 275 and 276:
What problems can early childhood c
Page 277 and 278:
Prenatal Nutrition
Page 279 and 280:
Did you ever add sugar to the bottl
Page 281 and 282:
Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel Hypoplasia
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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