Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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Figure 4.4 – Predicted number <strong>of</strong> decayed primary teeth by 25(OH)D level Predicted Number <strong>of</strong> Decayed Primary Teeth (dt score) 2 1.65 dt score 1.5 1 0.5 1.17 0.78 dt score 0 deficient mean level adequate <strong>Vitamin</strong> D Threshold Figure 4.5 is a graphic display <strong>of</strong> the overall relationship between infant dt score and maternal vitamin D concentrations indicating the decline in caries rates with increasing 25(OH)D levels. Figure 4.5 – Predicted dt score by maternal 25(OH)D level Predicted dt score by 25(OH)D Level 2.5 2 dt score 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 25(OH)D Level (nmol/L) 4-17
T test analyses were undertaken to assess the relationship between the number <strong>of</strong> decayed teeth (d) score and various 25(OH)D threshold levels. There was no significant difference in the mean number <strong>of</strong> primary teeth with decay among infants <strong>of</strong> mothers who had concentrations ≤ 35 nmol/L and > 35 nmol/L (Table 4.6). Similarly, there was no significant difference when the threshold <strong>of</strong> 40 nmol/L was selected. Interestingly, infants <strong>of</strong> mothers who had 25(OH)D levels ≥ 80 nmol/L had a statistically lower mean d score than those who had levels below this threshold (p=.032). Table 4.6 – Relationship between dt score and maternal 25(OH)D 25(OH)D dt score N Mean ± S.D. Range P value 25(OH)D Threshold – Deficiency .099 > 35 nmol/L ≤ 35nmol/L 85 47 1.07 ± 1.95 1.55 ± 2.24 0 – 10 0 – 9 25(OH)D Threshold – Insufficiency > 40 nmol/L ≤ 40 nmol/L 25(OH)D Threshold - Adequacy ≥ 80 nmol/L < 80 nmol/L 73 59 17 115 *Aspin-Welch Unequal-Variance Test 1.03 ± 1.99 1.51 ± 2.14 0.65 ± 1.22 1.33 ± 2.15 0 – 10 0 – 9 0 – 4 0 – 10 .092 .032* A similar series <strong>of</strong> analyses was undertaken for the mean number <strong>of</strong> decayed tooth surfaces (ds) with these selected thresholds for 25(OH)D (Table 4.7). While mean ds values did not statistically differ between infants <strong>of</strong> mothers with levels > 35 nmol/L vs. ≤ 35 nmol/L and > 40 nmol/L vs. ≤ 40 nmol/L, they did significantly differ at the higher threshold <strong>of</strong> adequacy. Infants <strong>of</strong> mothers who had concentrations <strong>of</strong> 25(OH)D below 80 nmol/L had significantly higher ds scores than infants whose mothers had serum levels at or above this threshold (p=.028). These results seem to indicate that infant dental caries is associated with maternal 25(OH)D status. 4-18
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Influence
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Abstract Influence
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Acknowledgements This longitudinal
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Table of Contents
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Status and Non-<st
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Table 1.1-1 - Recent studies report
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Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
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The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
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If enamel hypoplasia results from n
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malocclusions. 145 Additional human
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Daily intakes of v
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13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
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40. Definition of
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71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
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97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
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124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
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151. Tinanoff N, D
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Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
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correspond to the timing of
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een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
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Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
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Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
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Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
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o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
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12 months of life.
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Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
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devastating problem of</str
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13. An epidemiological index <stron
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54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
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82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
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Vitamin D may be d
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have been used to prof</str
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health’. In addition, articles we
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36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
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Recently, a cross-sectional study <
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andomized, placebo-controlled study
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Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
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A study of Austral
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Both dietary interventions and supp
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incidence of carie
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important nutrient. However, many <
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caries, and more hardening
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controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
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A few years later, additional resea
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Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
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Description of Pop
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Influence
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D has an effect on the dentition, p
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14. Utiger RD. The need for more vi
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42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
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67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
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95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
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121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
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Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
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Each participant also completed an
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Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
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Population The target population fo
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allowed the project to suffer some
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women of limited m
Page 120 and 121: involving the surface of</s
Page 122 and 123: and training cup. In addition, each
Page 124 and 125: The questionnaire was administered
Page 126 and 127: statistics including frequencies an
Page 128 and 129: elationship between the two. Poisso
Page 130 and 131: References 1. Combs GF. Vit
Page 132 and 133: 27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
Page 134 and 135: Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
Page 136 and 137: Question Number Valid % Do you take
Page 138 and 139: Maternal Awareness
Page 140 and 141: time of recruitmen
Page 142 and 143: Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
Page 144 and 145: A total of 77 care
Page 146 and 147: indicated that they were receiving
Page 148 and 149: and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
Page 150 and 151: Caries rates for children in this p
Page 152 and 153: Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
Page 154 and 155: Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
Page 156 and 157: II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
Page 158 and 159: Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
Page 160 and 161: The frequency of v
Page 162 and 163: did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
Page 164 and 165: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<str
Page 166 and 167: likely to have vitamin D levels at
Page 168 and 169: did not statistically differ from v
Page 172 and 173: Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
Page 174 and 175: frequently, and less likely to have
Page 176 and 177: health as average or poor, and more
Page 178 and 179: tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
Page 180 and 181: The next series of
Page 182 and 183: Results from the second model appea
Page 184 and 185: Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
Page 186 and 187: vitamin D. However, it did suggest
Page 188 and 189: significant at the bivariate level
Page 190 and 191: Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
Page 192 and 193: III. Multivariate Regression Analys
Page 194 and 195: Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
Page 200 and 201: Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
Page 202 and 203: Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
Page 204 and 205: Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
Page 206 and 207: If enamel hypoplasia is present and
Page 208 and 209: Since maternal calcium levels were
Page 210 and 211: vitamin D deficiency, and rickets)
Page 212 and 213: to obtain it. Health literacy may b
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important nutrient. For many, this
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this potential relationship with ac
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genetic conditions, childhood medic
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vitamin D status including milk int
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y cariogenic oral flora. 49 Since e
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(49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
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pregnancy, which may have influence
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observed and it allowed multiple ou
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scientific evidence linking prenata
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cognizant that children who undergo
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preventive program would need to be
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makers in the formative stages. As
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Surprisingly, the final regression
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13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
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38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
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65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
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91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
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This study provided an interesting
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esiding in disadvantaged communitie
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If you are taking vitamins during t
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Do you Eat? Never Rarely (less than
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What problems can early childhood c
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Prenatal Nutrition
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Did you ever add sugar to the bottl
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Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel Hypoplasia
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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