Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

Table 5.7 – Logistic regression for enamel hypoplasia* – Serum metabolites <strong>of</strong> alkaline
phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, and 25(OH)D
Variable Regression Standard Standard Adjusted ± 95% P value
Coefficient
(b)
Error b Deviation
<strong>of</strong>
Variable
in
Sample
Odds
Ratio
Confidence
Interval
Alkaline -0.0057 0.0057 51.79 0.74 0.42, 1.33 .32
Phosphatase
Calcium -4.84 2.47 0.10 0.62 0.38, 1.00 .050
Phosphorus -0.14 1.24 0.19 0.97 0.61, 1.54 .91
25(OH)D -0.013 0.0093 24.44 0.72 0.47, 1.14 .16
*Enamel Hypoplasia reference = yes R 2 = 6.0%
The next series <strong>of</strong> models looked at the relationship between variables collected
during the prenatal phase <strong>of</strong> data collection as well as those originating from the infant
dental visit phase <strong>of</strong> data collection. Because <strong>of</strong> the small sample size <strong>of</strong> maternal-infant
pairs, four separate logistic regression models were initially performed based upon
themes <strong>of</strong> 1) maternal awareness <strong>of</strong> calcium and vitamin D, 2) prenatal care and diet, 3)
socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity, and 4) the infant’s birth and health status.
Significant variables from these five regression models were then entered into a final
model for enamel hypoplasia.
The first model for enamel hypoplasia included variables <strong>of</strong> whether participants
had previously heard <strong>of</strong> vitamin D and whether they knew what calcium was important
for (Table 5.8). These were independent variables uncovered from the bivariate analyses
undertaken in the previous chapter. Results <strong>of</strong> the logistic regression for enamel
hypoplasia revealed no significant relationship with maternal awareness <strong>of</strong> calcium or
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