Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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The next series <strong>of</strong> multiple regression analyses for 25(OH)D levels explored potential relationships between 25(OH)D levels <strong>of</strong> participants and independent variables gleaned from the prenatal questionnaire completed with subjects at the time <strong>of</strong> enrolment. Table 5.2 reports findings <strong>of</strong> a regression model that included factors relating to prenatal health and prenatal care. This model included those prenatal independent variables that were significantly associated with maternal vitamin D levels like maternal health rating during pregnancy, whether their physician recommended prenatal vitamins, their use <strong>of</strong> prenatal vitamins, and whether participants believed prenatal care to be important. This model revealed that both maternal health rating and use <strong>of</strong> prenatal vitamins were significantly predictive <strong>of</strong> 25(OH)D concentrations. Another two similar multiple regression models were created with 25(OH)D concentrations as the dependent outcome and included socioeconomic factors like food security, employment and income, education, and heritage <strong>of</strong> the mother at the time <strong>of</strong> enrollment. The difference between the two models was that the first model included overall household employment status (Table 5.3) while the second included the mother’s annual income (Table 5.4). Results from the model presented in Table 5.3 indicated that Aboriginal heritage, household employment, and maternal education level were significant predictors <strong>of</strong> 25(OH)D concentrations during pregnancy. Those who were Aboriginal, had not completed high school, and lived in a home where no one was employed on a full-time basis had lower levels <strong>of</strong> vitamin D. 5-2
Table 5.2 – Multiple regression analysis for 25(OH)D concentration – <strong>Prenatal</strong> health and healthcare Variable Regression ± 95% Confidence P value Coefficient Interval Intercept 17.27 Doctor recommended vitamins (reference: no) <strong>Maternal</strong> health rating (reference: average/poor) <strong>Prenatal</strong> care important (reference: no) Took vitamins during pregnancy (reference: no) Adjusted R 2 = 9.2% 3.60 11.30 .53 8.31 6.87 .018 14.71 19.23 .13 12.16 7.82 .0025 Table 5.3 – Multiple regression analysis for 25(OH)D concentration – Socioeconomic factors including full-time household employment Variable Regression ± 95% Confidence P value Coefficient Interval Intercept 58.71 Able to purchase food during pregnancy (reference: no) Not <strong>of</strong> Aboriginal heritage (reference: no) Financial help from family & friends (reference: no) No one with fulltime employment in household (reference: no) Low education level (reference: ≥ high school) Adjusted R 2 = 13.2% 7.99 11.04 .16 15.08 11.76 .012 4.89 6.50 .14 -9.80 8.05 .017 -15.51 11.80 .010 5-3
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Influence
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Abstract Influence
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Acknowledgements This longitudinal
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Table of Contents
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Status and Non-<st
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Table 1.1-1 - Recent studies report
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Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
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The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
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If enamel hypoplasia results from n
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malocclusions. 145 Additional human
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Daily intakes of v
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13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
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40. Definition of
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71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
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97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
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124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
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151. Tinanoff N, D
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Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
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correspond to the timing of
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een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
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Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
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Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
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Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
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o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
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12 months of life.
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Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
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devastating problem of</str
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13. An epidemiological index <stron
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54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
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82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
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Vitamin D may be d
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have been used to prof</str
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health’. In addition, articles we
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36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
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Recently, a cross-sectional study <
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andomized, placebo-controlled study
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Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
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A study of Austral
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Both dietary interventions and supp
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incidence of carie
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important nutrient. However, many <
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caries, and more hardening
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controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
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A few years later, additional resea
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Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
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Description of Pop
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Influence
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D has an effect on the dentition, p
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14. Utiger RD. The need for more vi
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42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
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67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
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95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
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121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
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Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
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Each participant also completed an
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Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
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Population The target population fo
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allowed the project to suffer some
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women of limited m
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involving the surface of</s
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and training cup. In addition, each
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The questionnaire was administered
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statistics including frequencies an
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elationship between the two. Poisso
Page 130 and 131: References 1. Combs GF. Vit
Page 132 and 133: 27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
Page 134 and 135: Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
Page 136 and 137: Question Number Valid % Do you take
Page 138 and 139: Maternal Awareness
Page 140 and 141: time of recruitmen
Page 142 and 143: Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
Page 144 and 145: A total of 77 care
Page 146 and 147: indicated that they were receiving
Page 148 and 149: and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
Page 150 and 151: Caries rates for children in this p
Page 152 and 153: Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
Page 154 and 155: Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
Page 156 and 157: II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
Page 158 and 159: Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
Page 160 and 161: The frequency of v
Page 162 and 163: did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
Page 164 and 165: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<str
Page 166 and 167: likely to have vitamin D levels at
Page 168 and 169: did not statistically differ from v
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4.4 - Predicted number <stro
Page 172 and 173: Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
Page 174 and 175: frequently, and less likely to have
Page 176 and 177: health as average or poor, and more
Page 178 and 179: tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
Page 182 and 183: Results from the second model appea
Page 184 and 185: Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
Page 186 and 187: vitamin D. However, it did suggest
Page 188 and 189: significant at the bivariate level
Page 190 and 191: Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
Page 192 and 193: III. Multivariate Regression Analys
Page 194 and 195: Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
Page 200 and 201: Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
Page 202 and 203: Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
Page 204 and 205: Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
Page 206 and 207: If enamel hypoplasia is present and
Page 208 and 209: Since maternal calcium levels were
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Page 212 and 213: to obtain it. Health literacy may b
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(49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
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pregnancy, which may have influence
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observed and it allowed multiple ou
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scientific evidence linking prenata
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cognizant that children who undergo
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preventive program would need to be
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makers in the formative stages. As
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Surprisingly, the final regression
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13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
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38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
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65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
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91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
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This study provided an interesting
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esiding in disadvantaged communitie
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If you are taking vitamins during t
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Do you Eat? Never Rarely (less than
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What problems can early childhood c
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Prenatal Nutrition
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Did you ever add sugar to the bottl
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Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel Hypoplasia
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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