Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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Description <strong>of</strong> Population Studied Children with VDRR receiving 1α-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (continued) Children with VDRR receiving vitamin D 3 and phosphate at early stages (before 2 years <strong>of</strong> age) Children with VDRR receiving vitamin D 3 and phosphate later in childhood Children with pseudohypoparathyroidism receiving vitamin D treatment Clinical Findings (1α-(OH)D 3 ) since infancy 98 Improved dentin development and mineralization, resulting in improved dental status, less caries and less pulpal necrosis 122 Lower severity <strong>of</strong> dental manifestations including enlarged pulp chambers in permanent teeth 85 More severe dental manifestations, such as poorly calcified dentin, large pulp chambers in their primary teeth and spontaneous abscessing <strong>of</strong> primary teeth 85 Normal secondary dentin formation 123 In addition to all <strong>of</strong> this literature, there are additional reports presenting circumstantial evidence <strong>of</strong> a possible influence <strong>of</strong> vitamin D in oral health and dental disease (Table 1.3-2). 1.3-32
Table 1.3-2 – Other circumstantial evidence <strong>of</strong> a relationship between vitamin D and oral health <strong>Influence</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vitamin</strong> D on Oral Health Nature <strong>of</strong> Association Oral cancer and UVB exposure 124,125 Molar-incisor-hypomineraliztion and population-wide vitamin D supplementation 126 Ultraviolet light and caries 127-129 Ecological evidence that oral cancer among Caucasian men is inversely correlated with solar UVB and rural residence 124,125 Low prevalence <strong>of</strong> molar-incisorhypomineralization may be a result <strong>of</strong> mass implementation <strong>of</strong> vitamin D supplementation to children during infancy and childhood in Germany in the past two decades 126 Experimental trial evidence that children exposed to full spectrum ultraviolet lighting had very low or no increase in caries incidence in permanent dentition (DMFT, DMFS) 127 Differences were significantly lower than controls. 127 Elementary school children exposed to full spectrum lighting for 9 months had a lower incidence <strong>of</strong> caries in permanent first molars than those exposed to cool-white light. 128 Season and caries 111,130 Hours <strong>of</strong> yearly sunshine and caries and enamel hypoplasia 69,130,131 Evidence that caries rates in permanent dentition (based on D and M) might be associated with mean annual hours <strong>of</strong> sunshine 129 Evidence that the incidence <strong>of</strong> caries is higher in late winter and early spring than during summer periods 111 Children living in cities where the winter temperature was > 30˚F had lower mean caries rates in the permanent dentition than those living in cities with colder winter temperatures 130 Mean caries rates in the permanent dentition <strong>of</strong> children living in cities with > 2,600 hours <strong>of</strong> sunshine each year were significantly lower than those receiving < 2,600 hours <strong>of</strong> sunshine per year 130,131 1.3-33
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Influence
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Abstract Influence
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Acknowledgements This longitudinal
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Table of Contents
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Status and Non-<st
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Table 1.1-1 - Recent studies report
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Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
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The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
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If enamel hypoplasia results from n
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malocclusions. 145 Additional human
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Daily intakes of v
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13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
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40. Definition of
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71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
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97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
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124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
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151. Tinanoff N, D
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Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
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correspond to the timing of
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een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
Page 43 and 44: Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
Page 45 and 46: Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
Page 47 and 48: o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
Page 49 and 50: 12 months of life.
Page 51 and 52: Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
Page 53 and 54: devastating problem of</str
Page 55: 13. An epidemiological index <stron
Page 58 and 59: 54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
Page 60 and 61: 82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
Page 62 and 63: Vitamin D may be d
Page 64 and 65: have been used to prof</str
Page 66 and 67: health’. In addition, articles we
Page 68 and 69: 36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
Page 70 and 71: Recently, a cross-sectional study <
Page 72 and 73: andomized, placebo-controlled study
Page 74 and 75: Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
Page 76 and 77: A study of Austral
Page 78 and 79: Both dietary interventions and supp
Page 80 and 81: incidence of carie
Page 82 and 83: important nutrient. However, many <
Page 84 and 85: caries, and more hardening
Page 86 and 87: controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
Page 88 and 89: A few years later, additional resea
Page 90 and 91: Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
Page 94 and 95: Influence
Page 96 and 97: D has an effect on the dentition, p
Page 98 and 99: 14. Utiger RD. The need for more vi
Page 100 and 101: 42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
Page 102 and 103: 67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
Page 104 and 105: 95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
Page 106 and 107: 121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
Page 108 and 109: Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
Page 110 and 111: Each participant also completed an
Page 112 and 113: Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
Page 114 and 115: Population The target population fo
Page 116 and 117: allowed the project to suffer some
Page 118 and 119: women of limited m
Page 120 and 121: involving the surface of</s
Page 122 and 123: and training cup. In addition, each
Page 124 and 125: The questionnaire was administered
Page 126 and 127: statistics including frequencies an
Page 128 and 129: elationship between the two. Poisso
Page 130 and 131: References 1. Combs GF. Vit
Page 132 and 133: 27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
Page 134 and 135: Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
Page 136 and 137: Question Number Valid % Do you take
Page 138 and 139: Maternal Awareness
Page 140 and 141: time of recruitmen
Page 142 and 143:
Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
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A total of 77 care
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indicated that they were receiving
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and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
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Caries rates for children in this p
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Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
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Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
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II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
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Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
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The frequency of v
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did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<str
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likely to have vitamin D levels at
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did not statistically differ from v
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Figure 4.4 - Predicted number <stro
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Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
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frequently, and less likely to have
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health as average or poor, and more
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tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
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The next series of
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Results from the second model appea
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Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
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vitamin D. However, it did suggest
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significant at the bivariate level
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Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
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III. Multivariate Regression Analys
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Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
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Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
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Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
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Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
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If enamel hypoplasia is present and
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Since maternal calcium levels were
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vitamin D deficiency, and rickets)
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to obtain it. Health literacy may b
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vitamin D from the diet as dietary
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home environment can be determinant
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hormone, calcium absorption and bon
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important nutrient. For many, this
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this potential relationship with ac
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genetic conditions, childhood medic
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vitamin D status including milk int
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y cariogenic oral flora. 49 Since e
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(49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
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pregnancy, which may have influence
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observed and it allowed multiple ou
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scientific evidence linking prenata
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cognizant that children who undergo
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preventive program would need to be
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makers in the formative stages. As
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Surprisingly, the final regression
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13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
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38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
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65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
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91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
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This study provided an interesting
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esiding in disadvantaged communitie
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If you are taking vitamins during t
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Do you Eat? Never Rarely (less than
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What problems can early childhood c
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Prenatal Nutrition
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Did you ever add sugar to the bottl
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Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel Hypoplasia
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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