Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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14. Utiger RD. The need for more vitamin D. N Engl J Med 1998; 338(12):828-829. 15. Specker BL. Do North American women need supplemental vitamin D during pregnancy or lactation? Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59(2 Suppl):484S-490S. 16. Vieth R. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69(5):842-856. 17. Whiting SJ. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D requirements. Dairy Farmers <strong>of</strong> Canada . 2008. Ref Type: Electronic Citation 18. Vieth R, Bisch<strong>of</strong>f-Ferrari H, Boucher BJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Garland CF, Heaney RP et al. The urgent need to recommend an intake <strong>of</strong> vitamin D that is effective. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85(3):649-650. 19. Lee WT, Jiang J. The resurgence <strong>of</strong> the importance <strong>of</strong> vitamin D in bone health. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2008; 17 Suppl 1:138-142. 20. Hathcock JN, Shao A, Vieth R, Heaney R. Risk assessment for vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85(1):6-18. 21. Roth DE. Bones and beyond: an update on the role <strong>of</strong> vitamin D in child and adolescent health in Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007; 32(4):770-777. 22. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D supplementation: recommendations for Canadian mothers and infants. Paediatr Child Health 2007; 12(7):583-589. 23. Holick MF, Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J. Regular use <strong>of</strong> sunscreen on vitamin D levels. Arch Dermatol 1995; 131(11):1337-1339. 24. Abrams SA. Nutritional rickets: an old disease returns. Nutr Rev 2002; 60(4):111- 115. 25. Vieth R, Carter G. Difficulties with vitamin D nutrition research: objective targets <strong>of</strong> adequacy, and assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55(4):221-222. 26. Zeghoud F, Vervel C, Guillozo H, Walrant-Debray O, Boutignon H, Garabedian M. Subclinical vitamin D deficiency in neonates: definition and response to vitamin D supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65(3):771-778. 27. Rucker D, Allan JA, Fick GH, Hanley DA. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D insufficiency in a population <strong>of</strong> healthy western Canadians. CMAJ 2002; 166(12):1517-1524. 28. Koenig J, Elmadfa I. <strong>Status</strong> <strong>of</strong> calcium and vitamin D <strong>of</strong> different population groups in Austria. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2000; 70(5):214-220. 1.3-38
29. Nozza JM, Rodda CP. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D deficiency in mothers <strong>of</strong> infants with rickets. Med J Aust 2001; 175(5):253-255. 30. O'Shea D, Carter GD. Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. N Engl J Med 1998; 339(5):345-346. 31. Salle B, Glorieux F, Lapillone A. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D status in breastfed term babies. Acta Paediatr 1998; 87:726-727. 32. Weiler HA, Leslie WD, Krahn J, Steiman PW, Metge CJ. Canadian Aboriginal women have a higher prevalence <strong>of</strong> vitamin D deficiency than non-Aboriginal women despite similar dietary vitamin D intakes. J Nutr 2007; 137(2):461-465. 33. Roth DE, Martz P, Yeo R, Prosser C, Bell M, Jones AB. Are national vitamin D guidelines sufficient to maintain adequate blood levels in children? Can J Public Health 2005; 96(6):443-449. 34. Heaney RP. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone exhibit threshold behavior. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28(2):180-182. 35. Whiting SJ, Calvo MS. Overview <strong>of</strong> the proceedings from Experimental Biology 2005 symposium: Optimizing <strong>Vitamin</strong> D Intake for Populations with Special Needs: Barriers to Effective Food Fortification and Supplementation. J Nutr 2006; 136(4):1114-1116. 36. Mellanby M. Diet and the teeth. An experimental study. Part III. The effect <strong>of</strong> diet on dental structure and disease in man. Medical Research Council, editor. Special report series, no. 191, 1-180. 1934. London, His Majesty's Stationery Office. Ref Type: Report 37. Mellanby M, Pattison C. The action <strong>of</strong> vitamin D in preventing the spread and promoting the arrest <strong>of</strong> caries in children. Br Med J 1928; 2:1079-1082. 38. Zambrano M, Nikitakis NG, Sanchez-Quevedo MC, Sauk JJ, Sedano H, Rivera H. Oral and dental manifestations <strong>of</strong> vitamin D-dependent rickets type I: report <strong>of</strong> a pediatric case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003; 95(6):705-709. 39. Hildebolt CF. Effect <strong>of</strong> vitamin D and calcium on periodontitis. J Periodontol 2005; 76(9):1576-1587. 40. Grant WB, Garland CF. The health benefits <strong>of</strong> vitamin D greatly outweigh the health risks. Bioessays 2008; 30(5):506-507. 41. Grant WB. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D, periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancer risk. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9(7):612-613. 1.3-39
Page 1 and 2:
Influence
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Influence
Page 5 and 6:
Acknowledgements This longitudinal
Page 7 and 8:
Table of Contents
Page 9 and 10:
Status and Non-<st
Page 11 and 12:
Table 1.1-1 - Recent studies report
Page 13 and 14:
Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
Page 15 and 16:
The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
Page 17 and 18:
If enamel hypoplasia results from n
Page 19 and 20:
malocclusions. 145 Additional human
Page 21 and 22:
Daily intakes of v
Page 23 and 24:
13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
Page 25 and 26:
40. Definition of
Page 27 and 28:
71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
Page 29 and 30:
97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
Page 31 and 32:
124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
Page 33 and 34:
151. Tinanoff N, D
Page 35 and 36:
Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
Page 37 and 38:
correspond to the timing of
Page 39 and 40:
een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
Page 41 and 42:
Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
Page 43 and 44:
Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
Page 45 and 46:
Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
Page 47 and 48: o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
Page 49 and 50: 12 months of life.
Page 51 and 52: Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
Page 53 and 54: devastating problem of</str
Page 55: 13. An epidemiological index <stron
Page 58 and 59: 54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
Page 60 and 61: 82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
Page 62 and 63: Vitamin D may be d
Page 64 and 65: have been used to prof</str
Page 66 and 67: health’. In addition, articles we
Page 68 and 69: 36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
Page 70 and 71: Recently, a cross-sectional study <
Page 72 and 73: andomized, placebo-controlled study
Page 74 and 75: Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
Page 76 and 77: A study of Austral
Page 78 and 79: Both dietary interventions and supp
Page 80 and 81: incidence of carie
Page 82 and 83: important nutrient. However, many <
Page 84 and 85: caries, and more hardening
Page 86 and 87: controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
Page 88 and 89: A few years later, additional resea
Page 90 and 91: Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
Page 92 and 93: Description of Pop
Page 94 and 95: Influence
Page 96 and 97: D has an effect on the dentition, p
Page 100 and 101: 42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
Page 102 and 103: 67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
Page 104 and 105: 95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
Page 106 and 107: 121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
Page 108 and 109: Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
Page 110 and 111: Each participant also completed an
Page 112 and 113: Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
Page 114 and 115: Population The target population fo
Page 116 and 117: allowed the project to suffer some
Page 118 and 119: women of limited m
Page 120 and 121: involving the surface of</s
Page 122 and 123: and training cup. In addition, each
Page 124 and 125: The questionnaire was administered
Page 126 and 127: statistics including frequencies an
Page 128 and 129: elationship between the two. Poisso
Page 130 and 131: References 1. Combs GF. Vit
Page 132 and 133: 27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
Page 134 and 135: Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
Page 136 and 137: Question Number Valid % Do you take
Page 138 and 139: Maternal Awareness
Page 140 and 141: time of recruitmen
Page 142 and 143: Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
Page 144 and 145: A total of 77 care
Page 146 and 147: indicated that they were receiving
Page 148 and 149:
and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
Page 150 and 151:
Caries rates for children in this p
Page 152 and 153:
Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
Page 154 and 155:
Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
Page 156 and 157:
II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
Page 158 and 159:
Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
Page 160 and 161:
The frequency of v
Page 162 and 163:
did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
Page 164 and 165:
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<str
Page 166 and 167:
likely to have vitamin D levels at
Page 168 and 169:
did not statistically differ from v
Page 170 and 171:
Figure 4.4 - Predicted number <stro
Page 172 and 173:
Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
Page 174 and 175:
frequently, and less likely to have
Page 176 and 177:
health as average or poor, and more
Page 178 and 179:
tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
Page 180 and 181:
The next series of
Page 182 and 183:
Results from the second model appea
Page 184 and 185:
Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
Page 186 and 187:
vitamin D. However, it did suggest
Page 188 and 189:
significant at the bivariate level
Page 190 and 191:
Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
Page 192 and 193:
III. Multivariate Regression Analys
Page 194 and 195:
Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
Page 202 and 203:
Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
Page 204 and 205:
Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
Page 206 and 207:
If enamel hypoplasia is present and
Page 208 and 209:
Since maternal calcium levels were
Page 210 and 211:
vitamin D deficiency, and rickets)
Page 212 and 213:
to obtain it. Health literacy may b
Page 214 and 215:
vitamin D from the diet as dietary
Page 216 and 217:
home environment can be determinant
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hormone, calcium absorption and bon
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important nutrient. For many, this
Page 222 and 223:
this potential relationship with ac
Page 224 and 225:
genetic conditions, childhood medic
Page 226 and 227:
vitamin D status including milk int
Page 228 and 229:
y cariogenic oral flora. 49 Since e
Page 230 and 231:
(49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
Page 232 and 233:
pregnancy, which may have influence
Page 234 and 235:
observed and it allowed multiple ou
Page 236 and 237:
scientific evidence linking prenata
Page 238 and 239:
cognizant that children who undergo
Page 240 and 241:
preventive program would need to be
Page 242 and 243:
makers in the formative stages. As
Page 244 and 245:
Surprisingly, the final regression
Page 246 and 247:
13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
Page 248 and 249:
38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
Page 250 and 251:
65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
Page 252 and 253:
91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
Page 254 and 255:
Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
Page 256 and 257:
This study provided an interesting
Page 258:
esiding in disadvantaged communitie
Page 271 and 272:
If you are taking vitamins during t
Page 273 and 274:
Do you Eat? Never Rarely (less than
Page 275 and 276:
What problems can early childhood c
Page 277 and 278:
Prenatal Nutrition
Page 279 and 280:
Did you ever add sugar to the bottl
Page 281 and 282:
Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel Hypoplasia
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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