Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<strong>of</strong>ile While maternal knowledge <strong>of</strong> ECC, familial experience with ECC, and views about prevention did not appear to be significantly associated with maternal vitamin D levels, the only variable in this section <strong>of</strong> the prenatal survey instrument that was found to be significantly predictive <strong>of</strong> a participant’s mean 25(OH)D level was whether any <strong>of</strong> the respondents’ children had undergone pediatric dental surgery under general anesthesia (37.8 ± 15.8 nmol/L vs. 49.3 ± 26.8, p=.041). Although participants who had heard <strong>of</strong> ECC had marginally lower concentrations, the difference was not statistically significant (46.8 ± 24.1 nmol/L vs. 53.2 ± 25.1, p=.066). <strong>Maternal</strong> Oral Health Pr<strong>of</strong>ile There was no significant association between 25(OH)D concentrations and whether subjects thought their dental health was important during pregnancy (p=.77). Similarly, there were also no association between maternal 25(OH)D status and when they had last seen a dentist (p=.61), and the frequency between dental visits (p=.40). Meanwhile, ANOVA revealed a significant relationship between 25(OH)D and how participants rated their oral health (p=.014). The fair oral health and poor oral health groups were then combined and further t test analysis revealed that those who rated their oral health as good had significantly higher vitamin D levels (54.6 ± 28.8 nmol/L vs. 44.4 ± 20.6, p
Exposure to Sunlight Only one <strong>of</strong> the questions asked in this section <strong>of</strong> the prenatal questionnaire, which were to serve as proxy measures for overall sun exposure, appeared to have an influence on circulating levels <strong>of</strong> 25(OH)D in this cohort. T test analysis determined that those who reported spending their outside activities in the sunshine had significantly greater 25(OH)D levels than those who did not (62.3 ± 33.2 nmol/L vs. 47.3 ± 23.6, p=.040). However, when participants were stratified by season there was no statistically significant difference in mean vitamin D concentrations between those spending time outside in the sunshine and those who did not (63.7 ± 33.7 nmol/L vs. 53.8 ± 23.1, p=.23). Meanwhile, use <strong>of</strong> a hat, sunscreen, and clothing had no influence on vitamin D levels. Family and Financial Pr<strong>of</strong>ile Relational status was not a predictor <strong>of</strong> participant 25(OH)D levels as no significant differences were exhibited on ANOVA between those indicating that they were single, married, divorced, or living in common law relationships (p=.52). Family size was also found not to be correlated with maternal 25(OH)D (p=.19). ANOVA indicated that there was a significant association between the education level <strong>of</strong> subjects and their vitamin D levels (Figure 4.3, p
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Influence
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Abstract Influence
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Acknowledgements This longitudinal
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Table of Contents
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Status and Non-<st
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Table 1.1-1 - Recent studies report
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Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
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The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
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If enamel hypoplasia results from n
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malocclusions. 145 Additional human
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Daily intakes of v
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13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
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40. Definition of
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71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
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97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
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124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
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151. Tinanoff N, D
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Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
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correspond to the timing of
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een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
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Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
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Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
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Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
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o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
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12 months of life.
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Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
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devastating problem of</str
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13. An epidemiological index <stron
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54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
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82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
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Vitamin D may be d
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have been used to prof</str
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health’. In addition, articles we
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36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
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Recently, a cross-sectional study <
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andomized, placebo-controlled study
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Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
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A study of Austral
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Both dietary interventions and supp
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incidence of carie
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important nutrient. However, many <
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caries, and more hardening
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controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
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A few years later, additional resea
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Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
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Description of Pop
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Influence
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D has an effect on the dentition, p
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14. Utiger RD. The need for more vi
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42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
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67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
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95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
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121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
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Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
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Each participant also completed an
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Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
Page 114 and 115: Population The target population fo
Page 116 and 117: allowed the project to suffer some
Page 118 and 119: women of limited m
Page 120 and 121: involving the surface of</s
Page 122 and 123: and training cup. In addition, each
Page 124 and 125: The questionnaire was administered
Page 126 and 127: statistics including frequencies an
Page 128 and 129: elationship between the two. Poisso
Page 130 and 131: References 1. Combs GF. Vit
Page 132 and 133: 27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
Page 134 and 135: Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
Page 136 and 137: Question Number Valid % Do you take
Page 138 and 139: Maternal Awareness
Page 140 and 141: time of recruitmen
Page 142 and 143: Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
Page 144 and 145: A total of 77 care
Page 146 and 147: indicated that they were receiving
Page 148 and 149: and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
Page 150 and 151: Caries rates for children in this p
Page 152 and 153: Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
Page 154 and 155: Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
Page 156 and 157: II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
Page 158 and 159: Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
Page 160 and 161: The frequency of v
Page 162 and 163: did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
Page 166 and 167: likely to have vitamin D levels at
Page 168 and 169: did not statistically differ from v
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4.4 - Predicted number <stro
Page 172 and 173: Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
Page 174 and 175: frequently, and less likely to have
Page 176 and 177: health as average or poor, and more
Page 178 and 179: tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
Page 180 and 181: The next series of
Page 182 and 183: Results from the second model appea
Page 184 and 185: Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
Page 186 and 187: vitamin D. However, it did suggest
Page 188 and 189: significant at the bivariate level
Page 190 and 191: Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
Page 192 and 193: III. Multivariate Regression Analys
Page 194 and 195: Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
Page 200 and 201: Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
Page 202 and 203: Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
Page 204 and 205: Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
Page 206 and 207: If enamel hypoplasia is present and
Page 208 and 209: Since maternal calcium levels were
Page 210 and 211: vitamin D deficiency, and rickets)
Page 212 and 213: to obtain it. Health literacy may b
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vitamin D from the diet as dietary
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home environment can be determinant
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hormone, calcium absorption and bon
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important nutrient. For many, this
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this potential relationship with ac
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genetic conditions, childhood medic
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vitamin D status including milk int
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y cariogenic oral flora. 49 Since e
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(49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
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pregnancy, which may have influence
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observed and it allowed multiple ou
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scientific evidence linking prenata
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cognizant that children who undergo
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preventive program would need to be
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makers in the formative stages. As
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Surprisingly, the final regression
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13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
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38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
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65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
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91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
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This study provided an interesting
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esiding in disadvantaged communitie
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If you are taking vitamins during t
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Do you Eat? Never Rarely (less than
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What problems can early childhood c
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Prenatal Nutrition
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Did you ever add sugar to the bottl
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Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel Hypoplasia
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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