Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health
Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health
Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health
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Daily intakes <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> vitamin D during pregnancy have been recommended to achieve<br />
25(OH)D sufficiency and reduce the development <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> hypoplastic lesi<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> enamel. 98<br />
Current discussi<strong>on</strong>s have also raised the issue <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> whether biological identifiers <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ECC in<br />
the pre-clinical state can be evaluated in the infant populati<strong>on</strong> under 12 m<strong>on</strong>ths <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> age. 27<br />
Perhaps both supplementati<strong>on</strong> and early dental screenings may serve as effective<br />
preventive strategies to reduce both enamel hypoplasia and ECC. Preventive efforts<br />
during early periods <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> childhood development are needed.<br />
As assays <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 25(OH)D are expensive, many investigati<strong>on</strong>s have c<strong>on</strong>sidered<br />
nutriti<strong>on</strong>al intakes as an alternative means to pr<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ile an individual’s vitamin D status.<br />
However, dietary recalls and assessments can be problematic and difficult to<br />
achieve. 162,163<br />
The use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> multivitamins is <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ten not sufficient to sustain improved<br />
25(OH)D c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s in the desired range. 164-168<br />
Daily intakes <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> multivitamin<br />
preparati<strong>on</strong>s may also pose another issue, compliance. Thus it is necessary to c<strong>on</strong>sider<br />
alternatives, including the use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> greater amounts <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> fortified dairy products or the use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
high dose vitamin D preparati<strong>on</strong>s, or modified Stosstherapy (high dose vitamin D<br />
supplementati<strong>on</strong>) as a means <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> achieving satisfactory levels <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 25(OH)D. 11,157<br />
One frequently discounted risk factor for ECC and dental caries in general are<br />
developmental defects <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> enamel (DDE), specifically enamel hypoplasia. This thesis<br />
explores the relati<strong>on</strong>ship between prenatal nutriti<strong>on</strong> and both enamel hypoplasia and<br />
ECC. Of prime interest is whether maternal 25(OH)D c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s during pregnancy is<br />
associated with both <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> these states. The next secti<strong>on</strong> is an informal review <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> risk factors<br />
for DDE, including enamel hypoplasia.<br />
1.1-14