Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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References 1. Combs GF. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D. The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health, 2 edn. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998:155-187. 2. Vieth R, Carter G. Difficulties with vitamin D nutrition research: objective targets <strong>of</strong> adequacy, and assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55(4):221-222. 3. Holick MF, Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J. Regular use <strong>of</strong> sunscreen on vitamin D levels. Arch Dermatol 1995; 131(11):1337-1339. 4. Specker BL, Tsang RC. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D in infancy and childhood: factors determining vitamin D status. Adv Pediatr 1986; 33:1-22. 5. Specker BL. Do North American women need supplemental vitamin D during pregnancy or lactation? Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59(2 Suppl):484S-490S. 6. Smith PJ. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D deficiency in three northern Manitoba communities. 2000. University <strong>of</strong> Manitoba. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation 7. A review <strong>of</strong> the developmental defects <strong>of</strong> enamel index (DDE Index). Commission on Oral Health, Research & Epidemiology. Report <strong>of</strong> an FDI Working Group. Int Dent J 1992; 42(6):411-426. 8. Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH. Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report <strong>of</strong> a workshop sponsored by the National Institute <strong>of</strong> Dental and Crani<strong>of</strong>acial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Public Health Dent 1999; 59(3):192-197. 9. Definition <strong>of</strong> early childhood caries (ECC0. Pediatr Dent 2005; 27(7 Reference Manual):13. 10. American Academy <strong>of</strong> Pediatric Dentistry. Definition <strong>of</strong> early childhood caries (ECC). Pediatr Dent 2008; 30(7):13. 11. Definition <strong>of</strong> early childhood caries (ECC). Pediatr Dent 2005; 27(7 Reference Manual):13. 12. Young TK. Population health: concepts and methods. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 13. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes. Lancet 2002; 359(9303):341-345. 2-23
14. Gregg MB. Field epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. 15. Shah CP. Public health and preventive medicine in Canada. Toronto: University <strong>of</strong> Toronto Press, 1998. 16. Shah CP, Kahan M, Krauser J. The health <strong>of</strong> children <strong>of</strong> low-income families. CMAJ 1987; 137(6):485-490. 17. Schroth RJ, Moore P, Brothwell DJ. Prevalence <strong>of</strong> early childhood caries in 4 Manitoba communities. J Can Dent Assoc 2005; 71(8):567. 18. Sinclaire M. Barriers to food procurement: the experience <strong>of</strong> urban Aboriginal women in Winnipeg. 1997. University <strong>of</strong> Manitoba. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation 19. Lebrun JB, M<strong>of</strong>fatt ME, Mundy RJ, Sangster RK, Postl BD, Dooley JP et al. <strong>Vitamin</strong> D deficiency in a Manitoba community. Can J Public Health 1993; 84(6):394-396. 20. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, Tate R. A retrospective analysis <strong>of</strong> the costs associated with the treatment <strong>of</strong> nursing caries in a remote Canadian aboriginal preschool population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21(5):253-260. 21. Schroth RJ, Smith PJ, Whalen JC, Lekic C, M<strong>of</strong>fatt ME. Prevalence <strong>of</strong> caries among preschool-aged children in a northern Manitoba community. J Can Dent Assoc 2005; 71(1):27. 22. Albert RJ, Cantin RY, Cross HG, Castaldi CR. Nursing caries in the Inuit children <strong>of</strong> the Keewatin. J Can Dent Assoc 1988; 54(10):751-758. 23. Young TK, M<strong>of</strong>fatt ME, O'Neil JD, Thika R, Mirdad S. The population survey as a tool for assessing family health in the Keewatin region, NWT, Canada. Arctic Med Res 1995; 54 Suppl 1:77-85. 24. Kanchanakamol U, Tuongratanaphan S, Tuongratanaphan S, Lertpoonvilaikul W, Chittaisong C, Pattanaporn K et al. Prevalence <strong>of</strong> developmental enamel defects and dental caries in rural pre-school Thai children. Community Dent Health 1996; 13(4):204-207. 25. Milgrom P, Riedy CA, Weinstein P, Tanner AC, Manibusan L, Bruss J. Dental caries and its relationship to bacterial infection, hypoplasia, diet, and oral hygiene in 6- to 36-month-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28(4):295-306. 26. Seow WK. Biological mechanisms <strong>of</strong> early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998; 26(1 Suppl):8-27. 2-24
Page 1 and 2:
Influence
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Abstract Influence
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Acknowledgements This longitudinal
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Table of Contents
Page 9 and 10:
Status and Non-<st
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Table 1.1-1 - Recent studies report
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Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
Page 15 and 16:
The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
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If enamel hypoplasia results from n
Page 19 and 20:
malocclusions. 145 Additional human
Page 21 and 22:
Daily intakes of v
Page 23 and 24:
13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
Page 25 and 26:
40. Definition of
Page 27 and 28:
71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
Page 29 and 30:
97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
Page 31 and 32:
124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
Page 33 and 34:
151. Tinanoff N, D
Page 35 and 36:
Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
Page 37 and 38:
correspond to the timing of
Page 39 and 40:
een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
Page 41 and 42:
Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
Page 43 and 44:
Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
Page 45 and 46:
Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
Page 47 and 48:
o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
Page 49 and 50:
12 months of life.
Page 51 and 52:
Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
Page 53 and 54:
devastating problem of</str
Page 55:
13. An epidemiological index <stron
Page 58 and 59:
54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
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82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
Page 62 and 63:
Vitamin D may be d
Page 64 and 65:
have been used to prof</str
Page 66 and 67:
health’. In addition, articles we
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36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
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Recently, a cross-sectional study <
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andomized, placebo-controlled study
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Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
Page 76 and 77:
A study of Austral
Page 78 and 79:
Both dietary interventions and supp
Page 80 and 81: incidence of carie
Page 82 and 83: important nutrient. However, many <
Page 84 and 85: caries, and more hardening
Page 86 and 87: controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
Page 88 and 89: A few years later, additional resea
Page 90 and 91: Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
Page 92 and 93: Description of Pop
Page 94 and 95: Influence
Page 96 and 97: D has an effect on the dentition, p
Page 98 and 99: 14. Utiger RD. The need for more vi
Page 100 and 101: 42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
Page 102 and 103: 67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
Page 104 and 105: 95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
Page 106 and 107: 121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
Page 108 and 109: Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
Page 110 and 111: Each participant also completed an
Page 112 and 113: Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
Page 114 and 115: Population The target population fo
Page 116 and 117: allowed the project to suffer some
Page 118 and 119: women of limited m
Page 120 and 121: involving the surface of</s
Page 122 and 123: and training cup. In addition, each
Page 124 and 125: The questionnaire was administered
Page 126 and 127: statistics including frequencies an
Page 128 and 129: elationship between the two. Poisso
Page 132 and 133: 27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
Page 134 and 135: Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
Page 136 and 137: Question Number Valid % Do you take
Page 138 and 139: Maternal Awareness
Page 140 and 141: time of recruitmen
Page 142 and 143: Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
Page 144 and 145: A total of 77 care
Page 146 and 147: indicated that they were receiving
Page 148 and 149: and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
Page 150 and 151: Caries rates for children in this p
Page 152 and 153: Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
Page 154 and 155: Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
Page 156 and 157: II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
Page 158 and 159: Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
Page 160 and 161: The frequency of v
Page 162 and 163: did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
Page 164 and 165: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<str
Page 166 and 167: likely to have vitamin D levels at
Page 168 and 169: did not statistically differ from v
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4.4 - Predicted number <stro
Page 172 and 173: Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
Page 174 and 175: frequently, and less likely to have
Page 176 and 177: health as average or poor, and more
Page 178 and 179: tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
Page 180 and 181:
The next series of
Page 182 and 183:
Results from the second model appea
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Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
Page 186 and 187:
vitamin D. However, it did suggest
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significant at the bivariate level
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Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
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III. Multivariate Regression Analys
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Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
Page 202 and 203:
Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
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Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
Page 206 and 207:
If enamel hypoplasia is present and
Page 208 and 209:
Since maternal calcium levels were
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vitamin D deficiency, and rickets)
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to obtain it. Health literacy may b
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vitamin D from the diet as dietary
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home environment can be determinant
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hormone, calcium absorption and bon
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important nutrient. For many, this
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this potential relationship with ac
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genetic conditions, childhood medic
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vitamin D status including milk int
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y cariogenic oral flora. 49 Since e
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(49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
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pregnancy, which may have influence
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observed and it allowed multiple ou
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scientific evidence linking prenata
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cognizant that children who undergo
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preventive program would need to be
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makers in the formative stages. As
Page 244 and 245:
Surprisingly, the final regression
Page 246 and 247:
13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
Page 248 and 249:
38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
Page 250 and 251:
65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
Page 252 and 253:
91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
Page 254 and 255:
Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
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This study provided an interesting
Page 258:
esiding in disadvantaged communitie
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If you are taking vitamins during t
Page 273 and 274:
Do you Eat? Never Rarely (less than
Page 275 and 276:
What problems can early childhood c
Page 277 and 278:
Prenatal Nutrition
Page 279 and 280:
Did you ever add sugar to the bottl
Page 281 and 282:
Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel Hypoplasia
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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