Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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esiding in disadvantaged communities. However, for those who are intolerant or adverse to milk, other nutrients for improving vitamin D intake would warrant consideration. Finally, this investigation also has implications for future research. This is the first study that has examined the relationship <strong>of</strong> prenatal 25(OH)D and calcium levels and infant oral health outcomes <strong>of</strong> enamel hypoplasia and ECC. This initial evidence provides rationale to justify complementary epidemiological investigations including small interventional studies aimed at bolstering prenatal and perinatal nutrition and assessing its impact on infant dental health. The <strong>Maternal</strong> and Child Health Services (MACHS) Task Force sponsored prenatal vitamin D supplementation pilot project that was discussed in Chapter 6 will also contribute to our understanding <strong>of</strong> the relationship between vitamin D and infant oral health. Further investigations are also warranted and are planned. Translating the arising knowledge to decision-makers, clinicians, and researchers will be essential. 7-5
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Influence
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Abstract Influence
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Acknowledgements This longitudinal
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Table of Contents
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Status and Non-<st
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Table 1.1-1 - Recent studies report
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Table 1.1-2 - Previous used terms f
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The Link Between Enamel Hypoplasia
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If enamel hypoplasia results from n
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malocclusions. 145 Additional human
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Daily intakes of v
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13. Milnes AR, Rubin CW, Karpa M, T
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40. Definition of
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71. Watt RG. From victim blaming to
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97. Fearne JM, Bryan EM, Elliman AM
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124. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth
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151. Tinanoff N, D
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Section 2 - Risk Factors for Enamel
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correspond to the timing of
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een published. 3,4,17,19 The intent
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Table 1.2-2 - Risk factors for DDE
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Opacity 51 Implicated Risk Developm
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Implicated Risk Factor Factors asso
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o Metabolic Abnormalities and Healt
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12 months of life.
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Other Factors Some uncommon risk fa
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devastating problem of</str
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13. An epidemiological index <stron
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54. Seow WK, Perham S. Enamel hypop
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82. Berdal A, Papagerakis P, Hotton
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Vitamin D may be d
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have been used to prof</str
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health’. In addition, articles we
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36 month trial had ended. 45 The nu
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Recently, a cross-sectional study <
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andomized, placebo-controlled study
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Further, amelogenin and enamelin, p
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A study of Austral
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Both dietary interventions and supp
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incidence of carie
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important nutrient. However, many <
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caries, and more hardening
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controls. 106 Interestingly, childr
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A few years later, additional resea
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Delayed Tooth Eruption Vita
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Description of Pop
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Influence
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D has an effect on the dentition, p
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14. Utiger RD. The need for more vi
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42. Spiller WF, Jr. A clinical eval
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67. Itota T, Tashiro Y, Torii Y, Ni
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95. Bruszt P. Kariesuntersuchungen
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121. Seow WK, Needleman HL, Holm IA
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Chapter 2 - Methods for a Prospecti
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Each participant also completed an
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Table 2.2 - Recognized case definit
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Population The target population fo
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allowed the project to suffer some
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women of limited m
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involving the surface of</s
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and training cup. In addition, each
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The questionnaire was administered
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statistics including frequencies an
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elationship between the two. Poisso
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References 1. Combs GF. Vit
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27. Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett
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Table 3.2 - Self-declared heritage
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Question Number Valid % Do you take
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Maternal Awareness
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time of recruitmen
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Table 3.6- Prenatal</strong
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A total of 77 care
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indicated that they were receiving
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and 11 hypoplasia). DDEs were also
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Caries rates for children in this p
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Table 3.12 - Frequency of</
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Chapter 4 - Results: Associations <
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II. Relationship Between 25(OH)D Le
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Pregnancy & Health Prof</st
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The frequency of v
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did not (42.9 ± 21.2 nmol/L vs. 49
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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Pr<str
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likely to have vitamin D levels at
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did not statistically differ from v
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Figure 4.4 - Predicted number <stro
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Table 4.7 - Relationship between ds
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frequently, and less likely to have
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health as average or poor, and more
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tail (p=.034) suggesting that early
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The next series of
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Results from the second model appea
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Table 5.6 - Multiple regression sta
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vitamin D. However, it did suggest
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significant at the bivariate level
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Table 5.12(a) - Logistic regression
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III. Multivariate Regression Analys
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Table 5.14 - Logistic regression fo
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Table 5.19(b) - Backwards logistic
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Table 5.20(a) - Logistic regression
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Table 5.21 - Poisson regression for
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If enamel hypoplasia is present and
Page 208 and 209: Since maternal calcium levels were
Page 210 and 211: vitamin D deficiency, and rickets)
Page 212 and 213: to obtain it. Health literacy may b
Page 214 and 215: vitamin D from the diet as dietary
Page 216 and 217: home environment can be determinant
Page 218 and 219: hormone, calcium absorption and bon
Page 220 and 221: important nutrient. For many, this
Page 222 and 223: this potential relationship with ac
Page 224 and 225: genetic conditions, childhood medic
Page 226 and 227: vitamin D status including milk int
Page 228 and 229: y cariogenic oral flora. 49 Since e
Page 230 and 231: (49.8 ± 26.3 nmol/L vs. 45.1 ± 20
Page 232 and 233: pregnancy, which may have influence
Page 234 and 235: observed and it allowed multiple ou
Page 236 and 237: scientific evidence linking prenata
Page 238 and 239: cognizant that children who undergo
Page 240 and 241: preventive program would need to be
Page 242 and 243: makers in the formative stages. As
Page 244 and 245: Surprisingly, the final regression
Page 246 and 247: 13. First Nations IaMHCCPS. <strong
Page 248 and 249: 38. Hollis BW. Circulating 25-hydro
Page 250 and 251: 65. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Caries
Page 252 and 253: 91. Brownell MD, Guevremont A, Au W
Page 254 and 255: Chapter 7 - Conclusions This thesis
Page 256 and 257: This study provided an interesting
Page 270 and 271: Prenatal Nutrition
Page 272 and 273: How do you get to and from shopping
Page 274 and 275: Green Vegetables Broccoli Calcium R
Page 276 and 277: Exposure to Sunlight: During the su
Page 278 and 279: Do you believe your child has any d
Page 280 and 281: Have you had to use a foodbank sinc
Page 282: ECC = 1 or more primary teeth with
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Influence of Maternal Prenatal Vitamin D Status on Infant Oral Health

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