Implementing Multiple Gender Strategies to Improve HIV and ... - ICRW

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MALE NORMS INITIATIVE LEAD ORGANIZATIONS: COUNTRY: HIV PROGRAM AREA: EngenderHealth Instituto Promundo Ethiopia, Namibia Prevention, Care and Support OVERVIEW: Based on the Men As Partners Program (developed by EngenderHealth) and Program H (developed by Instituto Promundo), the Male Norms Initiative seeks to increase the capacity of organizations to address negative gender norms that affect HIV and AIDS prevention, care, and treatment. The program achieves this by increasing capacity of existing programs to integrate male engagement strategies at all levels (individuals, community, family, service provider, policy and advocacy), depending on the focus of each organization’s HIV/AIDS program. This can include, for example, training in how to reach out to men using a group education process, training health care providers in male-friendly services related to HIV and AIDS, or helping organizations develop curricula that address male engagement. The program also addresses gender-based violence in the context of HIV and AIDS. The program to date has assisted 50 organizations and institutions in Namibia and 10–12 in Ethiopia. The program has learned that to effect change, it is important to avoid labeling men solely as perpetrators. Also, working with different stakeholder levels is essential to creating change. If work is done only with individual men while the larger community is unaware or has not bought in to new norms, the men will face pressure to revert to the previous gender norms. BACKGROUND HIV & AIDS Program Goals The Male Norms Initiative is a subprogram under the Access, Quality, and Use in Reproductive Health (ACQUIRE) Project. Its main goal is to increase the capacity of organizations and institutions to change harmful gender norms that put men and women at risk of HIV transmission, and to promote the positive engagement of men in this process. Gender Strategies Addressed Reducing violence and coercion Addressing male norms and behaviors Increasing women’s legal protection Increasing women’s access to income and productive resources Other: Description of Intervention The Male Norms Initiative provides technical assistance (through EngenderHealth and Instituto Promundo) to organizations and institutions to strengthen their capacity to address gender-related issues within preexisting HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment programs. The Male Norms Initiative uses principles drawn from the Men As Partners program and Program H to teach specific, evidence-based strategies to address male norms, reduce gender-based violence, and promote gender equity within existing community-level programs. At a national policy level, the program advocates for including attention to male norms within HIV programming. The program helps organizations encourage men and communities to understand how existing gender norms contribute to gender-based 94
violence and what men can do in their communities and households to decrease its occurrence. Organizations are taught to facilitate group workshops, dialogues, and community mobilization activities that help men understand the concept of gender, how norms are created, and how they contribute to negative reproductive health outcomes, including genderbased violence. Through these activities, men are enabled to take a stand against gender-based violence and personally speak out when they witness it. Men also are encouraged to think about how male norms—for example, multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, alcohol, substance abuse, violence, and not seeking health services in a timely way—put them and their families at risk for HIV. The community also is engaged through various outreach and mobilization activities, including dramas, mobile fairs, and community action teams. Without this component to transform norms at the community level, men who have attended an education session away from the influences of the community may face peer pressure to resume typical behaviors when they go back to their home environment. The Male Norms Initiative also works with health care providers to provide male-friendly services that encourage men to access health services either alone or with partners. To increase men’s demand for services, the initiative stresses the personal benefits of such health-seeking behaviors and highlights the subsequent benefits for their partners and families. Target Audience The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) partners (CBOs, NGOs and government agencies). These partners are encouraged to target men of all ages. Level of Intervention • Community • District • National Geographic Location Timeframe Nationwide March 2007–ongoing Funders • The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the United States Department of Defense (DOD). Partner Organizations Implementation partners: • Lifeline/Childline, Namibia • Hiwot, Ethiopia Evaluation partners: • Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) 95
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| AIDS AIDSTAR-One Support and Tech
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INTEGRATING MULTIPLE GENDER STRATEG
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CONTENTS Acronyms..................
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Mama’s Club Memory Book .........
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ACRONYMS AED AEMCI AIDS AMREF AOSCI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The public health
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INTRODUCTION The public health and
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• Identify current, promising pro
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• Snowball sampling of gender and
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LIMITATIONS This compendium is limi
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program, and small-scale programs s
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Child Security Project in South Afr
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elated efforts. The Mozambique SSTO
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RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Programs should
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PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS TARGETING AND
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transmission and explain how the pr
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Tel: + 267 319 1816 / Fax: + 267 31
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Sessions center around small group
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Supervision occurs on two levels: s
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issues. • Involve uniformed perso
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a new bridge to the health care sys
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and among working girls, 77 percent
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ETHIOPIAN RADIO SERIAL DRAMAS TO PR
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• Ministry of Health Evaluation p
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64 percent at baseline. • Ethiopi
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• Conduct a post-intervention sur
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promotes HIV prevention through pee
Page 58 and 59: Evaluation Methodology • Monitori
Page 60 and 61: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
Page 62 and 63: and produces materials in media tha
Page 64 and 65: During implementation, participants
Page 66 and 67: • Communities claim ownership of
Page 68 and 69: part of this strategy, Maanisha has
Page 70 and 71: the cultural practices and sexual b
Page 72 and 73: Langata Road, P.O Box 27691 - 00506
Page 74 and 75: developing memory books, scrapbooks
Page 76 and 77: • Quantitative data collection: D
Page 78 and 79: POST RAPE CARE LEAD ORGANIZATIONS:
Page 80 and 81: Funders • Trócaire • The U.S.
Page 82 and 83: Recommendations for Replication •
Page 84 and 85: seminars with invited guest speaker
Page 86 and 87: Local Involvement/ Ownership Commun
Page 90 and 91: treatment of sexually transmitted i
Page 92 and 93: • National Survey on the Reproduc
Page 94 and 95: woman’s ability to negotiate and
Page 96 and 97: skills, human rights, and monitorin
Page 98 and 99: empowers them to make healthier cho
Page 100 and 101: Service on replication. TIOS is als
Page 102 and 103: WOMEN FIRST (MULHERES PRIMERO) LEAD
Page 104 and 105: Funders • Canadian International
Page 106 and 107: $45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25
Page 110 and 111: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
Page 112 and 113: assistance is no longer necessary i
Page 114 and 115: collaboration with relevant governm
Page 116 and 117: involvement in protecting the right
Page 118 and 119: assertiveness, puberty and gender-b
Page 120 and 121: traditional practices, and knowledg
Page 122 and 123: POLYCLINIC OF HOPE CARE AND TREATME
Page 124 and 125: Partner Organizations Implementatio
Page 126 and 127: international workshop was convened
Page 128 and 129: THE FATHERHOOD AND CHILD SECURITY P
Page 130 and 131: • Community leaders including tra
Page 132 and 133: After the session, 100 percent beli
Page 134 and 135: KwaZulu-Natal and OR Tambo, Eastern
Page 136 and 137: Gender and HIV component (Sisters-f
Page 138 and 139: Evaluation Results • Cluster rand
Page 140 and 141: Rural South Africa: A Cluster Rando
Page 142 and 143: accompanied by djembe drumming. Onc
Page 144 and 145: staff intended for partner organiza
Page 148 and 149: Young men also build knowledge arou
Page 150 and 151: • Project completion report: The
Page 154 and 155: character, Matlakala, is in an abus
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society stakeholders. • While eve
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4. Contraception, conception and me
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IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS Start-up
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Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
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WOMEN’S HEALTH COOP, PRETORIA LEA
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female condoms to distribute in com
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
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to contraceptives (particularly con
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• Periodic household surveys: A b
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Resources Promises an Exciting Year
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stressed families in their home env
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generating activities and home visi
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LESSONS LEARNED AND CHALLENGES Key
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HIV & AIDS COUNSELING AND SERVICES
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Timeframe 1987-ongoing; the current
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multisectoral approach and that res
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Peer educators also aim to increase
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Challenges and Unforeseen Outcomes
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In collaboration with legal organiz
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Replication and Scale-up Activities
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THE SASA! ACTIVIST KIT FOR PREVENTI
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Timeframe 2008-ongoing Funders •
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• Engaging a cross-section of act
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CORRIDORS OF HOPE II LEAD ORGANIZAT
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Geographic Location Seven towns: Ka
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of HIV counseling and testing and t
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Program Refe
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APPENDIX 1: ONLINE SEARCH PROCESS T
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APPENDIX 2: SURVEY INSTRUMENT BACKG
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1.10 Does the project address incre
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Section 5: LESSONS LEARNED AND FEAS
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Country Program Name Lead Organizat
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Gender Strategy Addressed Type of H
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AIDSTAR-One John Snow, Inc. 1616 No
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