Implementing Multiple Gender Strategies to Improve HIV and ... - ICRW

Challenges and
Unforeseen
Outcomes
• Retention of evaluation participants was a challenge; it fluctuated
around 70–75 percent in the intervention group. Some participants
had other commitments and sometimes did not prioritize workshop
attendance. Some participants did not attend because they were
unwilling to travel in the dark.
• Giving incentives may be perceived as undue inducement to
participate in research.
• Programs of this nature in rural areas often employ many staff who
have not worked in the formal sector before. Extra time is needed for
problem solving and team building with inexperienced staff.
Recommendations
for Replication
• The program can be implemented in both rural and urban settings,
and with different languages (there are 11 official languages in South
Africa) and age groups.
• Training expertise, personnel, funding, training material, salaries and
local transportation support (monetary) are essential. Funds and
personnel are needed for the revision of the program to update
policies and laws communicated in the sessions.
• The Gender and Health Research Unit of the Medical Research
Council of South Africa is willing to provide advisory support to any
implementers interested in using the program.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Program
References and
Resources
Published articles:
Dunkle, K., R. Jewkes, M. Nduna, N. Jama, J. Levin, Y. Sikweyiya, M.
Koss, et al. “Transactional Sex with Casual and Main Partners Among
Young South African Men in the Rural Eastern Cape: Prevalence,
Predictors, and Associations With Gender-based Violence.” Social
Science & Medicine 65 (2007): 1235–48.
Dunkle, K., R. Jewkes, M. Nduna, J. Levin, N. Jama, N. Khuzway, M.
Koss, N. Duvvury, et al. “Perpetration of Partner Violence and HIV Risk
Behavior Among Young Men in the Rural Eastern Cape.” AIDS 20
(2006): 2107–14.
Jewkes, R., K. Dunkle, M. Nduna, J. Levin, N. Jama, K. Dunkle, A. Puren,
N. Duvvury, et al. “Impact of Stepping Stones on Incidence of HIV and
HSV-2 and Sexual Behavior in Rural South Africa: Cluster Randomised
Controlled Trial.” BMJ 337, no. 71 (2008): a506.
Jewkes, R., K. Dunkle, M. Nduna, J. Levin, N. Jama, N. Khuzwayo, M.
Koss, A. Puren, N. Duvvury, et al. ”Factors Associated With HIV Seropositivity
in Young, Rural South African Men.” International Journal of
Epidemiology 35 (2006a): 1455–1460.
Jewkes, R., K. Dunkle, M. Nduna, J. Levin, N. Jama, N. Khuzwayo, M.
Koss, A. Puren, N. Duvvury, et al. ”Factors Associated With HIV Serostatus
in Young Rural South African Women: Connections Between
Intimate Partner Violence and HIV.” International Journal of Epidemiology
150